source: sasview/sansutil/nxsunit.py @ b11e127

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Last change on this file since b11e127 was 4025019, checked in by Mathieu Doucet <doucetm@…>, 13 years ago

Adding util and park

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1# This program is public domain
2# Author: Paul Kienzle
3"""
4Define unit conversion support for NeXus style units.
5
6The unit format is somewhat complicated.  There are variant spellings
7and incorrect capitalization to worry about, as well as forms such as
8"mili*metre" and "1e-7 seconds".
9
10This is a minimal implementation of units including only what I happen to
11need now.  It does not support the complete dimensional analysis provided
12by the package udunits on which NeXus is based, or even the units used
13in the NeXus definition files.
14
15Unlike other units packages, this package does not carry the units along with
16the value but merely provides a conversion function for transforming values.
17
18Usage example::
19
20    import nxsunit
21    u = nxsunit.Converter('mili*metre')  # Units stored in mm
22    v = u(3000,'m')  # Convert the value 3000 mm into meters
23
24NeXus example::
25
26    # Load sample orientation in radians regardless of how it is stored.
27    # 1. Open the path
28    file.openpath('/entry1/sample/sample_orientation')
29    # 2. scan the attributes, retrieving 'units'
30    units = [for attr,value in file.attrs() if attr == 'units']
31    # 3. set up the converter (assumes that units actually exists)
32    u = nxsunit.Converter(units[0])
33    # 4. read the data and convert to the correct units
34    v = u(file.read(),'radians')
35
36This is a standalone module, not relying on either DANSE or NeXus, and
37can be used for other unit conversion tasks.
38
39Note: minutes are used for angle and seconds are used for time.  We
40cannot tell what the correct interpretation is without knowing something
41about the fields themselves.  If this becomes an issue, we will need to
42allow the application to set the dimension for the unit rather than
43inferring the dimension from an example unit.
44"""
45
46# TODO: Add udunits to NAPI rather than reimplementing it in python
47# TODO: Alternatively, parse the udunits database directly
48# UDUnits:
49#  http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/udunits/udunits-1/udunits.txt
50
51from __future__ import division
52import math
53
54__all__ = ['Converter']
55
56# Limited form of units for returning objects of a specific type.
57# Maybe want to do full units handling with e.g., pyre's
58# unit class. For now lets keep it simple.  Note that
59def _build_metric_units(unit,abbr):
60    """
61    Construct standard SI names for the given unit.
62    Builds e.g.,
63        s, ns
64        second, nanosecond, nano*second
65        seconds, nanoseconds
66    Includes prefixes for femto through peta.
67
68    Ack! Allows, e.g., Coulomb and coulomb even though Coulomb is not
69    a unit because some NeXus files store it that way!
70   
71    Returns a dictionary of names and scales.
72    """
73    prefix = dict(peta=1e15,tera=1e12,giga=1e9,mega=1e6,kilo=1e3,
74                  deci=1e-1,centi=1e-2,milli=1e-3,mili=1e-3,micro=1e-6,
75                  nano=1e-9,pico=1e-12,femto=1e-15)
76    short_prefix = dict(P=1e15,T=1e12,G=1e9,M=1e6,k=1e3,
77                        d=1e-1,c=1e-2,m=1e-3,u=1e-6,
78                        n=1e-9,p=1e-12,f=1e-15)
79    map = {abbr:1}
80    map.update([(P+abbr,scale) for (P,scale) in short_prefix.iteritems()])
81    for name in [unit,unit.capitalize()]:
82        map.update({name:1,name+'s':1})
83        map.update([(P+name,scale) for (P,scale) in prefix.iteritems()])
84        map.update([(P+'*'+name,scale) for (P,scale) in prefix.iteritems()])
85        map.update([(P+name+'s',scale) for (P,scale) in prefix.iteritems()])
86    return map
87
88def _build_plural_units(**kw):
89    """
90    Construct names for the given units.  Builds singular and plural form.
91    """
92    map = {}
93    map.update([(name,scale) for name,scale in kw.iteritems()])
94    map.update([(name+'s',scale) for name,scale in kw.iteritems()])
95    return map
96
97def _caret_optional(s):
98    """
99    Strip '^' from unit names.
100
101    * WARNING * this will incorrect transform 10^3 to 103.
102    """
103    s.update((k.replace('^',''),v) 
104             for k,v in s.items()
105             if '^' in k)
106
107def _build_all_units():
108    distance = _build_metric_units('meter','m')
109    distance.update(_build_metric_units('metre','m'))
110    distance.update(_build_plural_units(micron=1e-6, Angstrom=1e-10))
111    distance.update({'A':1e-10, 'Ang':1e-10})
112
113    # Note: minutes are used for angle
114    time = _build_metric_units('second','s')
115    time.update(_build_plural_units(hour=3600,day=24*3600,week=7*24*3600))
116
117    # Note: seconds are used for time
118    angle = _build_plural_units(degree=1, minute=1/60.,
119                  arcminute=1/60., arcsecond=1/3600., radian=180/math.pi)
120    angle.update(deg=1, arcmin=1/60., arcsec=1/3600., rad=180/math.pi)
121
122    frequency = _build_metric_units('hertz','Hz')
123    frequency.update(_build_metric_units('Hertz','Hz'))
124    frequency.update(_build_plural_units(rpm=1/60.))
125
126    # Note: degrees are used for angle
127    # Note: temperature needs an offset as well as a scale
128    temperature = _build_metric_units('kelvin','K')
129    temperature.update(_build_metric_units('Kelvin','K'))
130
131    charge = _build_metric_units('coulomb','C')
132    charge.update({'microAmp*hour':0.0036})
133
134    sld = { '10^-6 Angstrom^-2': 1e-6, 'Angstrom^-2': 1 }
135    Q = { 'invA': 1, 'invAng': 1, 'invAngstroms': 1, '1/A': 1, 
136          '10^-3 Angstrom^-1': 1e-3, '1/cm': 1e-8,
137          'nm^-1': 0.1, '1/nm': 0.1, 'n_m^-1': 0.1 }
138
139    _caret_optional(sld)
140    _caret_optional(Q)
141
142    dims = [distance, time, angle, frequency, temperature, charge, sld, Q]
143    return dims
144
145class Converter(object):
146    """
147    Unit converter for NeXus style units.
148
149    """
150    # Define the units, using both American and European spelling.
151    scalemap = None
152    scalebase = 1
153    dims = _build_all_units()
154
155    # Note: a.u. stands for arbitrary units, which should return the default
156    # units for that particular dimension.
157    # Note: don't have support for dimensionless units.
158    unknown = {None:1, '???':1, '': 1, 'a.u.': 1}
159
160    def __init__(self, name):
161        self.base = name
162        for map in self.dims:
163            if name in map:
164                self.scalemap = map
165                self.scalebase = self.scalemap[name]
166                return
167        if name in self.unknown:
168            return # default scalemap and scalebase correspond to unknown
169        else:
170            raise KeyError("Unknown unit %s"%name)
171
172    def scale(self, units=""):
173        if units == "" or self.scalemap is None: return 1
174        return self.scalebase/self.scalemap[units]
175
176    def __call__(self, value, units=""):
177        # Note: calculating a*1 rather than simply returning a would produce
178        # an unnecessary copy of the array, which in the case of the raw
179        # counts array would be bad.  Sometimes copying and other times
180        # not copying is also bad, but copy on modify semantics isn't
181        # supported.
182        if units == "" or self.scalemap is None: return value
183        try:
184            return value * (self.scalebase/self.scalemap[units])
185        except KeyError:
186            possible_units = ", ".join(str(k) for k in self.scalemap.keys())
187            raise KeyError("%s not in %s"%(units,possible_units))
188
189def _check(expect,get):
190    if expect != get: raise ValueError, "Expected %s but got %s"%(expect,get)
191     #print expect,"==",get
192
193def test():
194    _check(1,Converter('n_m^-1')(10,'invA')) # 10 nm^-1 = 1 inv Angstroms
195    _check(2,Converter('mm')(2000,'m')) # 2000 mm -> 2 m
196    _check(0.003,Converter('microseconds')(3,units='ms')) # 3 us -> 0.003 ms
197    _check(45,Converter('nanokelvin')(45))  # 45 nK -> 45 nK
198    _check(0.5,Converter('seconds')(1800,units='hours')) # 1800 s -> 0.5 hr
199    _check(123,Converter('a.u.')(123,units='mm')) # arbitrary units always returns the same value
200    _check(123,Converter('a.u.')(123,units='s')) # arbitrary units always returns the same value
201    _check(123,Converter('a.u.')(123,units='')) # arbitrary units always returns the same value
202    try: Converter('help')
203    except KeyError: pass
204    else: raise Exception("unknown unit did not raise an error")
205
206    # TODO: more tests
207
208if __name__ == "__main__":
209    test()
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