source: sasview/pr_inversion/c_extensions/Cinvertor.c @ 5fe5871c

/**
 * C implementation of the P(r) inversion
 * Cinvertor is the base class for the Invertor class
 * and provides the underlying computations.
 *
 */
#include <Python.h>
#include "structmember.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>

#include "invertor.h"


/// Error object for raised exceptions
static PyObject * CinvertorError = NULL;

#define INVECTOR(obj,buf,len)                                                                           \
    do { \
        int err = PyObject_AsReadBuffer(obj, (const void **)(&buf), &len); \
        if (err < 0) return NULL; \
        len /= sizeof(*buf); \
    } while (0)

#define OUTVECTOR(obj,buf,len) \
    do { \
        int err = PyObject_AsWriteBuffer(obj, (void **)(&buf), &len); \
        if (err < 0) return NULL; \
        len /= sizeof(*buf); \
    } while (0)


// Class definition
/**
 * C implementation of the P(r) inversion
 * Cinvertor is the base class for the Invertor class
 * and provides the underlying computations.
 *
 */
typedef struct {
    PyObject_HEAD
    /// Internal data structure
    Invertor_params params;
} Cinvertor;


static void
Cinvertor_dealloc(Cinvertor* self)
{
    invertor_dealloc(&(self->params));

    self->ob_type->tp_free((PyObject*)self);

}

static PyObject *
Cinvertor_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
{
    Cinvertor *self;

    self = (Cinvertor *)type->tp_alloc(type, 0);

    return (PyObject *)self;
}

static int
Cinvertor_init(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
{
    if (self != NULL) {
        // Create parameters
        invertor_init(&(self->params));
    }
    return 0;
}

static PyMemberDef Cinvertor_members[] = {
    //{"params", T_OBJECT, offsetof(Cinvertor, params), 0,
    // "Parameters"},
    {NULL}  /* Sentinel */
};

const char set_x_doc[] =
        "Function to set the x data\n"
        "Takes an array of doubles as input.\n"
        " @return: number of entries found";

/**
 * Function to set the x data
 * Takes an array of doubles as input
 * Returns the number of entries found
 */
static PyObject * set_x(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t ndata;
        double *data;
        int i;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &data_obj)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(data_obj,data,ndata);

        free(self->params.x);
        self->params.x = (double*) malloc(ndata*sizeof(double));

        if(self->params.x==NULL) {
            PyErr_SetString(CinvertorError,
                "Cinvertor.set_x: problem allocating memory.");
                return NULL;
        }

        for (i=0; i<ndata; i++) {
                self->params.x[i] = data[i];
        }

        //self->params.x = data;
        self->params.npoints = ndata;
        return Py_BuildValue("i", self->params.npoints);
}

const char get_x_doc[] =
        "Function to get the x data\n"
        "Takes an array of doubles as input.\n"
        " @return: number of entries found";

static PyObject * get_x(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t ndata;
        double *data;
    int i;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &data_obj)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(data_obj, data, ndata);

        // Check that the input array is large enough
        if (ndata < self->params.npoints) {
            PyErr_SetString(CinvertorError,
                "Cinvertor.get_x: input array too short for data.");
                return NULL;
        }

        for(i=0; i<self->params.npoints; i++){
                data[i] = self->params.x[i];
        }

        return Py_BuildValue("i", self->params.npoints);
}

const char set_y_doc[] =
        "Function to set the y data\n"
        "Takes an array of doubles as input.\n"
        " @return: number of entries found";

/**
 * Function to set the y data
 * Takes an array of doubles as input
 * Returns the number of entries found
 */
static PyObject * set_y(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t ndata;
        double *data;
        int i;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &data_obj)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(data_obj,data,ndata);

        free(self->params.y);
        self->params.y = (double*) malloc(ndata*sizeof(double));

        if(self->params.y==NULL) {
            PyErr_SetString(CinvertorError,
                "Cinvertor.set_y: problem allocating memory.");
                return NULL;
        }

        for (i=0; i<ndata; i++) {
                self->params.y[i] = data[i];
        }

        //self->params.y = data;
        self->params.ny = ndata;
        return Py_BuildValue("i", self->params.ny);
}

const char get_y_doc[] =
        "Function to get the y data\n"
        "Takes an array of doubles as input.\n"
        " @return: number of entries found";

static PyObject * get_y(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t ndata;
        double *data;
    int i;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &data_obj)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(data_obj, data, ndata);

        // Check that the input array is large enough
        if (ndata < self->params.ny) {
            PyErr_SetString(CinvertorError,
                "Cinvertor.get_y: input array too short for data.");
                return NULL;
        }

        for(i=0; i<self->params.ny; i++){
                data[i] = self->params.y[i];
        }

        return Py_BuildValue("i", self->params.npoints);
}

const char set_err_doc[] =
        "Function to set the err data\n"
        "Takes an array of doubles as input.\n"
        " @return: number of entries found";

/**
 * Function to set the x data
 * Takes an array of doubles as input
 * Returns the number of entries found
 */
static PyObject * set_err(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t ndata;
        double *data;
        int i;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &data_obj)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(data_obj,data,ndata);

        free(self->params.err);
        self->params.err = (double*) malloc(ndata*sizeof(double));

        if(self->params.err==NULL) {
            PyErr_SetString(CinvertorError,
                "Cinvertor.set_err: problem allocating memory.");
                return NULL;
        }

        for (i=0; i<ndata; i++) {
                self->params.err[i] = data[i];
        }

        //self->params.err = data;
        self->params.nerr = ndata;
        return Py_BuildValue("i", self->params.nerr);
}

const char get_err_doc[] =
        "Function to get the err data\n"
        "Takes an array of doubles as input.\n"
        " @return: number of entries found";

static PyObject * get_err(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t ndata;
        double *data;
    int i;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &data_obj)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(data_obj, data, ndata);

        // Check that the input array is large enough
        if (ndata < self->params.nerr) {
            PyErr_SetString(CinvertorError,
                "Cinvertor.get_err: input array too short for data.");
                return NULL;
        }

        for(i=0; i<self->params.nerr; i++){
                data[i] = self->params.err[i];
        }

        return Py_BuildValue("i", self->params.npoints);
}

const char is_valid_doc[] =
        "Check the validity of the stored data\n"
        " @return: Returns the number of points if it's all good, -1 otherwise";

/**
 * Check the validity of the stored data
 * Returns the number of points if it's all good, -1 otherwise
 */
static PyObject * is_valid(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        if(self->params.npoints==self->params.ny &&
                        self->params.npoints==self->params.nerr) {
                return Py_BuildValue("i", self->params.npoints);
        } else {
                return Py_BuildValue("i", -1);
        }
}

const char set_has_bck_doc[] =
        "Sets background flag\n";

/**
 * Sets the maximum distance
 */
static PyObject * set_has_bck(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        int has_bck;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "i", &has_bck)) return NULL;
        self->params.has_bck = has_bck;
        return Py_BuildValue("i", self->params.has_bck);
}

const char get_has_bck_doc[] =
        "Gets background flag\n";

/**
 * Gets the maximum distance
 */
static PyObject * get_has_bck(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        return Py_BuildValue("i", self->params.has_bck);
}

const char set_dmax_doc[] =
        "Sets the maximum distance\n";

/**
 * Sets the maximum distance
 */
static PyObject * set_dmax(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double d_max;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "d", &d_max)) return NULL;
        self->params.d_max = d_max;
        return Py_BuildValue("d", self->params.d_max);
}

const char get_dmax_doc[] =
        "Gets the maximum distance\n";

/**
 * Gets the maximum distance
 */
static PyObject * get_dmax(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        return Py_BuildValue("d", self->params.d_max);
}

const char set_slit_height_doc[] =
        "Sets the slit height in units of q [A-1]\n";

/**
 * Sets the slit height
 */
static PyObject * set_slit_height(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double slit_height;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "d", &slit_height)) return NULL;
        self->params.slit_height = slit_height;
        return Py_BuildValue("d", self->params.slit_height);
}

const char get_slit_height_doc[] =
        "Gets the slit height\n";

/**
 * Gets the slit height
 */
static PyObject * get_slit_height(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        return Py_BuildValue("d", self->params.slit_height);
}

const char set_slit_width_doc[] =
        "Sets the slit width in units of q [A-1]\n";

/**
 * Sets the slit width
 */
static PyObject * set_slit_width(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double slit_width;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "d", &slit_width)) return NULL;
        self->params.slit_width = slit_width;
        return Py_BuildValue("d", self->params.slit_width);
}

const char get_slit_width_doc[] =
        "Gets the slit width\n";

/**
 * Gets the slit width
 */
static PyObject * get_slit_width(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        return Py_BuildValue("d", self->params.slit_width);
}


const char set_qmin_doc[] =
        "Sets the minimum q\n";

/**
 * Sets the minimum q
 */
static PyObject * set_qmin(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double q_min;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "d", &q_min)) return NULL;
        self->params.q_min = q_min;
        return Py_BuildValue("d", self->params.q_min);
}

const char get_qmin_doc[] =
        "Gets the minimum q\n";

/**
 * Gets the minimum q
 */
static PyObject * get_qmin(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        return Py_BuildValue("d", self->params.q_min);
}

const char set_qmax_doc[] =
        "Sets the maximum q\n";

/**
 * Sets the maximum q
 */
static PyObject * set_qmax(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double q_max;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "d", &q_max)) return NULL;
        self->params.q_max = q_max;
        return Py_BuildValue("d", self->params.q_max);
}

const char get_qmax_doc[] =
        "Gets the maximum q\n";

/**
 * Gets the maximum q
 */
static PyObject * get_qmax(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        return Py_BuildValue("d", self->params.q_max);
}

const char set_alpha_doc[] =
        "Sets the alpha parameter\n";

static PyObject * set_alpha(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double alpha;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "d", &alpha)) return NULL;
        self->params.alpha = alpha;
        return Py_BuildValue("d", self->params.alpha);
}

const char get_alpha_doc[] =
        "Gets the alpha parameter\n";

/**
 * Gets the maximum distance
 */
static PyObject * get_alpha(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        return Py_BuildValue("d", self->params.alpha);
}

const char get_nx_doc[] =
        "Gets the number of x points\n";

/**
 * Gets the number of x points
 */
static PyObject * get_nx(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        return Py_BuildValue("i", self->params.npoints);
}

const char get_ny_doc[] =
        "Gets the number of y points\n";

/**
 * Gets the number of y points
 */
static PyObject * get_ny(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        return Py_BuildValue("i", self->params.ny);
}

const char get_nerr_doc[] =
        "Gets the number of err points\n";

/**
 * Gets the number of error points
 */
static PyObject * get_nerr(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        return Py_BuildValue("i", self->params.nerr);
}


const char residuals_doc[] =
        "Function to call to evaluate the residuals\n"
        "for P(r) inversion\n"
        " @param args: input parameters\n"
        " @return: list of residuals";

/**
 * Function to call to evaluate the residuals
 * @param args: input parameters
 * @return: list of residuals
 */
static PyObject * residuals(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double *pars;
        PyObject* residuals;
        PyObject* temp;
        double *res;
        int i;
        double residual, diff;
        // Regularization factor
        double regterm = 0.0;
        double tmp = 0.0;
        // Number of slices in regularization term estimate
        int nslice = 25;

        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t npars;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &data_obj)) return NULL;

        OUTVECTOR(data_obj,pars,npars);

    // PyList of residuals
        // Should create this list only once and refill it
    residuals = PyList_New(self->params.npoints);

    regterm = reg_term(pars, self->params.d_max, npars, nslice);

    for(i=0; i<self->params.npoints; i++) {
        diff = self->params.y[i] - iq(pars, self->params.d_max, npars, self->params.x[i]);
        residual = diff*diff / (self->params.err[i]*self->params.err[i]);
        tmp = residual;

        // regularization term
        residual += self->params.alpha * regterm;

        if (PyList_SetItem(residuals, i, Py_BuildValue("d",residual) ) < 0){
            PyErr_SetString(CinvertorError,
                "Cinvertor.residuals: error setting residual.");
                return NULL;
        };

    }

        return residuals;
}

const char pr_residuals_doc[] =
        "Function to call to evaluate the residuals\n"
        "for P(r) minimization (for testing purposes)\n"
        " @param args: input parameters\n"
        " @return: list of residuals";

/**
 * Function to call to evaluate the residuals
 * for P(r) minimization (for testing purposes)
 * @param args: input parameters
 * @return: list of residuals
 */
static PyObject * pr_residuals(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double *pars;
        PyObject* residuals;
        PyObject* temp;
        double *res;
        int i;
        double residual, diff;
        // Regularization factor
        double regterm = 0.0;
        double tmp = 0.0;
        // Number of slices in regularization term estimate
        int nslice = 25;

        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t npars;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &data_obj)) return NULL;

        OUTVECTOR(data_obj,pars,npars);

        // Should create this list only once and refill it
    residuals = PyList_New(self->params.npoints);

    regterm = reg_term(pars, self->params.d_max, npars, nslice);


    for(i=0; i<self->params.npoints; i++) {
        diff = self->params.y[i] - pr(pars, self->params.d_max, npars, self->params.x[i]);
        residual = diff*diff / (self->params.err[i]*self->params.err[i]);
        tmp = residual;

        // regularization term
        residual += self->params.alpha * regterm;

        if (PyList_SetItem(residuals, i, Py_BuildValue("d",residual) ) < 0){
            PyErr_SetString(CinvertorError,
                "Cinvertor.residuals: error setting residual.");
                return NULL;
        };

    }

        return residuals;
}

const char get_iq_doc[] =
        "Function to call to evaluate the scattering intensity\n"
        " @param args: c-parameters, and q\n"
        " @return: I(q)";

/**
 * Function to call to evaluate the scattering intensity
 * @param args: c-parameters, and q
 * @return: I(q)
 */
static PyObject * get_iq(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double *pars;
        double q, iq_value;
        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t npars;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Od", &data_obj, &q)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(data_obj,pars,npars);

        iq_value = iq(pars, self->params.d_max, npars, q);
        return Py_BuildValue("f", iq_value);
}

const char get_iq_smeared_doc[] =
        "Function to call to evaluate the scattering intensity.\n"
        "The scattering intensity is slit-smeared."
        " @param args: c-parameters, and q\n"
        " @return: I(q)";

/**
 * Function to call to evaluate the scattering intensity
 * The scattering intensity is slit-smeared.
 * @param args: c-parameters, and q
 * @return: I(q)
 */
static PyObject * get_iq_smeared(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double *pars;
        double q, iq_value;
        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t npars;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Od", &data_obj, &q)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(data_obj,pars,npars);

        iq_value = iq_smeared(pars, self->params.d_max, npars,
                                                        self->params.slit_height, self->params.slit_width,
                                                        q, 21);
        return Py_BuildValue("f", iq_value);
}

const char get_pr_doc[] =
        "Function to call to evaluate P(r)\n"
        " @param args: c-parameters and r\n"
        " @return: P(r)";

/**
 * Function to call to evaluate P(r)
 * @param args: c-parameters and r
 * @return: P(r)
 */
static PyObject * get_pr(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double *pars;
        double r, pr_value;
        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t npars;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "Od", &data_obj, &r)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(data_obj,pars,npars);

        pr_value = pr(pars, self->params.d_max, npars, r);
        return Py_BuildValue("f", pr_value);
}

const char get_pr_err_doc[] =
        "Function to call to evaluate P(r) with errors\n"
        " @param args: c-parameters and r\n"
        " @return: (P(r),dP(r))";

/**
 * Function to call to evaluate P(r) with errors
 * @param args: c-parameters and r
 * @return: P(r)
 */
static PyObject * get_pr_err(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double *pars;
        double *pars_err;
        double pr_err_value;
        double r, pr_value;
        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t npars;
        PyObject *err_obj;
        Py_ssize_t npars2;
        int i;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OOd", &data_obj, &err_obj, &r)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(data_obj,pars,npars);
        OUTVECTOR(err_obj,pars_err,npars2);

        pr_err(pars, pars_err, self->params.d_max, npars, r, &pr_value, &pr_err_value);
        return Py_BuildValue("ff", pr_value, pr_err_value);
}

const char basefunc_ft_doc[] =
        "Returns the value of the nth Fourier transofrmed base function\n"
        " @param args: c-parameters, n and q\n"
        " @return: nth Fourier transformed base function, evaluated at q";

static PyObject * basefunc_ft(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double d_max, q;
        int n;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "did", &d_max, &n, &q)) return NULL;
        return Py_BuildValue("f", ortho_transformed(d_max, n, q));

}

const char oscillations_doc[] =
        "Returns the value of the oscillation figure of merit for\n"
        "the given set of coefficients. For a sphere, the oscillation\n"
        "figure of merit is 1.1.\n"
        " @param args: c-parameters\n"
        " @return: oscillation figure of merit";

static PyObject * oscillations(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double *pars;
        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t npars;
        double oscill, norm;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &data_obj)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(data_obj,pars,npars);

        oscill = reg_term(pars, self->params.d_max, npars, 100);
        norm   = int_p2(pars, self->params.d_max, npars, 100);
        return Py_BuildValue("f", sqrt(oscill/norm)/acos(-1.0)*self->params.d_max );

}

const char get_peaks_doc[] =
        "Returns the number of peaks in the output P(r) distrubution\n"
        "for the given set of coefficients.\n"
        " @param args: c-parameters\n"
        " @return: number of P(r) peaks";

static PyObject * get_peaks(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double *pars;
        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t npars;
        int count;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &data_obj)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(data_obj,pars,npars);

        count = npeaks(pars, self->params.d_max, npars, 100);

        return Py_BuildValue("i", count );

}

const char get_positive_doc[] =
        "Returns the fraction of P(r) that is positive over\n"
        "the full range of r for the given set of coefficients.\n"
        " @param args: c-parameters\n"
        " @return: fraction of P(r) that is positive";

static PyObject * get_positive(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double *pars;
        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t npars;
        double fraction;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &data_obj)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(data_obj,pars,npars);

        fraction = positive_integral(pars, self->params.d_max, npars, 100);

        return Py_BuildValue("f", fraction );

}

const char get_pos_err_doc[] =
        "Returns the fraction of P(r) that is 1 standard deviation\n"
        "above zero over the full range of r for the given set of coefficients.\n"
        " @param args: c-parameters\n"
        " @return: fraction of P(r) that is positive";

static PyObject * get_pos_err(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double *pars;
        double *pars_err;
        PyObject *data_obj;
        PyObject *err_obj;
        Py_ssize_t npars;
        Py_ssize_t npars2;
        double fraction;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OO", &data_obj, &err_obj)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(data_obj,pars,npars);
        OUTVECTOR(err_obj,pars_err,npars2);

        fraction = positive_errors(pars, pars_err, self->params.d_max, npars, 51);

        return Py_BuildValue("f", fraction );

}

const char get_rg_doc[] =
        "Returns the value of the radius of gyration Rg.\n"
        " @param args: c-parameters\n"
        " @return: Rg";

static PyObject * get_rg(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double *pars;
        double *pars_err;
        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t npars;
        Py_ssize_t npars2;
        double value;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &data_obj)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(data_obj,pars,npars);

        value = rg(pars, self->params.d_max, npars, 101);

        return Py_BuildValue("f", value );

}

const char get_iq0_doc[] =
        "Returns the value of I(q=0).\n"
        " @param args: c-parameters\n"
        " @return: I(q=0)";

static PyObject * get_iq0(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double *pars;
        double *pars_err;
        PyObject *data_obj;
        Py_ssize_t npars;
        Py_ssize_t npars2;
        double value;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O", &data_obj)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(data_obj,pars,npars);

        value = 4.0*acos(-1.0)*int_pr(pars, self->params.d_max, npars, 101);

        return Py_BuildValue("f", value );

}

/**
 * Check whether a q-value is within acceptabel limits
 * Return 1 if accepted, 0 if rejected.
 */
int accept_q(Cinvertor *self, double q) {
    if (self->params.q_min>0 && q<self->params.q_min) return 0;
    if (self->params.q_max>0 && q>self->params.q_max) return 0;
    return 1;
}

const char get_matrix_doc[] =
        "Returns A matrix and b vector for least square problem.\n"
        " @param nfunc: number of base functions\n"
        " @param nr: number of r-points used when evaluating reg term.\n"
        " @param a: A array to fill\n"
        " @param b: b vector to fill\n"
        " @return: 0";

static PyObject * get_matrix(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double *a;
        double *b;
        PyObject *a_obj;
        PyObject *b_obj;
        Py_ssize_t n_a;
        Py_ssize_t n_b;
        // Number of bins for regularization term evaluation
        int nr, nfunc;
        int i, j, i_r;
        double r, sqrt_alpha, pi;
        double tmp;
        int offset;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "iiOO", &nfunc, &nr, &a_obj, &b_obj)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(a_obj,a,n_a);
        OUTVECTOR(b_obj,b,n_b);

        assert(n_b>=nfunc);
        assert(n_a>=nfunc*(nr+self->params.npoints));

        sqrt_alpha = sqrt(self->params.alpha);
        pi = acos(-1.0);
        offset = (self->params.has_bck==1) ? 0 : 1;

    for (j=0; j<nfunc; j++) {
        for (i=0; i<self->params.npoints; i++) {
            if (accept_q(self, self->params.x[i])){
                if (self->params.has_bck==1 && j==0) {
                    a[i*nfunc+j] = 1.0/self->params.err[i];
                } else {
                        if (self->params.slit_width>0 || self->params.slit_height>0) {
                                a[i*nfunc+j] = ortho_transformed_smeared(self->params.d_max,
                                                j+offset, self->params.slit_height, self->params.slit_width,
                                                self->params.x[i], 21)/self->params.err[i];
                        } else {
                                a[i*nfunc+j] = ortho_transformed(self->params.d_max, j+offset, self->params.x[i])/self->params.err[i];
                        }
                }
            }
        }
        for (i_r=0; i_r<nr; i_r++){
            if (self->params.has_bck==1 && j==0) {
                a[(i_r+self->params.npoints)*nfunc+j] = 0.0;
            } else {
                    r = self->params.d_max/nr*i_r;
                    tmp = pi*(j+offset)/self->params.d_max;
                    a[(i_r+self->params.npoints)*nfunc+j] = sqrt_alpha * 1.0/nr*self->params.d_max*2.0*
                    (2.0*pi*(j+offset)/self->params.d_max*cos(pi*(j+offset)*r/self->params.d_max) +
                    tmp*tmp*r * sin(pi*(j+offset)*r/self->params.d_max));
                }
        }
    }

    for (i=0; i<self->params.npoints; i++) {
        if (accept_q(self, self->params.x[i])){
            b[i] = self->params.y[i]/self->params.err[i];
         }
        }

        return Py_BuildValue("i", 0);

}

const char get_invcov_matrix_doc[] =
        " Compute the inverse covariance matrix, defined as inv_cov = a_transposed x a.\n"
        " @param nfunc: number of base functions\n"
        " @param nr: number of r-points used when evaluating reg term.\n"
        " @param a: A array to fill\n"
        " @param inv_cov: inverse covariance array to be filled\n"
        " @return: 0";

static PyObject * get_invcov_matrix(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double *a;
        PyObject *a_obj;
        Py_ssize_t n_a;
        double *inv_cov;
        PyObject *cov_obj;
        Py_ssize_t n_cov;
        int nr, nfunc;
        int i, j, k;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "iiOO", &nfunc, &nr, &a_obj, &cov_obj)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(a_obj,a,n_a);
        OUTVECTOR(cov_obj,inv_cov,n_cov);

        assert(n_cov>=nfunc*nfunc);
        assert(n_a>=nfunc*(nr+self->params.npoints));

        for (i=0; i<nfunc; i++) {
                for (j=0; j<nfunc; j++) {
                        inv_cov[i*nfunc+j] = 0.0;
                        for (k=0; k<nr+self->params.npoints; k++) {
                                inv_cov[i*nfunc+j] += a[k*nfunc+i]*a[k*nfunc+j];
                        }
                }
        }
        return Py_BuildValue("i", 0);
}

const char get_reg_size_doc[] =
        " Compute the covariance matrix, defined as inv_cov = a_transposed x a.\n"
        " @param nfunc: number of base functions\n"
        " @param nr: number of r-points used when evaluating reg term.\n"
        " @param a: A array to fill\n"
        " @param inv_cov: inverse covariance array to be filled\n"
        " @return: 0";

static PyObject * get_reg_size(Cinvertor *self, PyObject *args) {
        double *a;
        PyObject *a_obj;
        Py_ssize_t n_a;
        int nr, nfunc;
        int i, j;
        double sum_sig, sum_reg;

        if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "iiO", &nfunc, &nr, &a_obj)) return NULL;
        OUTVECTOR(a_obj,a,n_a);

        assert(n_a>=nfunc*(nr+self->params.npoints));

    sum_sig = 0.0;
    sum_reg = 0.0;
    for (j=0; j<nfunc; j++){
        for (i=0; i<self->params.npoints; i++){
            if (accept_q(self, self->params.x[i])==1)
                sum_sig += (a[i*nfunc+j])*(a[i*nfunc+j]);
        }
        for (i=0; i<nr; i++){
            sum_reg += (a[(i+self->params.npoints)*nfunc+j])*(a[(i+self->params.npoints)*nfunc+j]);
        }
    }
    return Py_BuildValue("ff", sum_sig, sum_reg);
}

const char eeeget_qmin_doc[] = "\
This is a multiline doc string.\n\
\n\
This is the second line.";
const char eeeset_qmin_doc[] =
        "This is a multiline doc string.\n"
        "\n"
        "This is the second line.";

static PyMethodDef Cinvertor_methods[] = {
                   {"residuals", (PyCFunction)residuals, METH_VARARGS, residuals_doc},
                   {"pr_residuals", (PyCFunction)pr_residuals, METH_VARARGS, pr_residuals_doc},
                   {"set_x", (PyCFunction)set_x, METH_VARARGS, set_x_doc},
                   {"get_x", (PyCFunction)get_x, METH_VARARGS, get_x_doc},
                   {"set_y", (PyCFunction)set_y, METH_VARARGS, set_y_doc},
                   {"get_y", (PyCFunction)get_y, METH_VARARGS, get_y_doc},
                   {"set_err", (PyCFunction)set_err, METH_VARARGS, set_err_doc},
                   {"get_err", (PyCFunction)get_err, METH_VARARGS, get_err_doc},
                   {"set_dmax", (PyCFunction)set_dmax, METH_VARARGS, set_dmax_doc},
                   {"get_dmax", (PyCFunction)get_dmax, METH_VARARGS, get_dmax_doc},
                   {"set_qmin", (PyCFunction)set_qmin, METH_VARARGS, set_qmin_doc},
                   {"get_qmin", (PyCFunction)get_qmin, METH_VARARGS, get_qmin_doc},
                   {"set_qmax", (PyCFunction)set_qmax, METH_VARARGS, set_qmax_doc},
                   {"get_qmax", (PyCFunction)get_qmax, METH_VARARGS, get_qmax_doc},
                   {"set_alpha", (PyCFunction)set_alpha, METH_VARARGS, set_alpha_doc},
                   {"get_alpha", (PyCFunction)get_alpha, METH_VARARGS, get_alpha_doc},
                   {"set_slit_width", (PyCFunction)set_slit_width, METH_VARARGS, set_slit_width_doc},
                   {"get_slit_width", (PyCFunction)get_slit_width, METH_VARARGS, get_slit_width_doc},
                   {"set_slit_height", (PyCFunction)set_slit_height, METH_VARARGS, set_slit_height_doc},
                   {"get_slit_height", (PyCFunction)get_slit_height, METH_VARARGS, get_slit_height_doc},
                   {"set_has_bck", (PyCFunction)set_has_bck, METH_VARARGS, set_has_bck_doc},
                   {"get_has_bck", (PyCFunction)get_has_bck, METH_VARARGS, get_has_bck_doc},
                   {"get_nx", (PyCFunction)get_nx, METH_VARARGS, get_nx_doc},
                   {"get_ny", (PyCFunction)get_ny, METH_VARARGS, get_ny_doc},
                   {"get_nerr", (PyCFunction)get_nerr, METH_VARARGS, get_nerr_doc},
                   {"iq", (PyCFunction)get_iq, METH_VARARGS, get_iq_doc},
                   {"iq_smeared", (PyCFunction)get_iq_smeared, METH_VARARGS, get_iq_smeared_doc},
                   {"pr", (PyCFunction)get_pr, METH_VARARGS, get_pr_doc},
                   {"get_pr_err", (PyCFunction)get_pr_err, METH_VARARGS, get_pr_err_doc},
                   {"is_valid", (PyCFunction)is_valid, METH_VARARGS, is_valid_doc},
                   {"basefunc_ft", (PyCFunction)basefunc_ft, METH_VARARGS, basefunc_ft_doc},
                   {"oscillations", (PyCFunction)oscillations, METH_VARARGS, oscillations_doc},
                   {"get_peaks", (PyCFunction)get_peaks, METH_VARARGS, get_peaks_doc},
                   {"get_positive", (PyCFunction)get_positive, METH_VARARGS, get_positive_doc},
                   {"get_pos_err", (PyCFunction)get_pos_err, METH_VARARGS, get_pos_err_doc},
                   {"rg", (PyCFunction)get_rg, METH_VARARGS, get_rg_doc},
                   {"iq0", (PyCFunction)get_iq0, METH_VARARGS, get_iq0_doc},
                   {"_get_matrix", (PyCFunction)get_matrix, METH_VARARGS, get_matrix_doc},
                   {"_get_invcov_matrix", (PyCFunction)get_invcov_matrix, METH_VARARGS, get_invcov_matrix_doc},
                   {"_get_reg_size", (PyCFunction)get_reg_size, METH_VARARGS, get_reg_size_doc},

   {NULL}
};

static PyTypeObject CinvertorType = {
    PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL)
    0,                         /*ob_size*/
    "Cinvertor",             /*tp_name*/
    sizeof(Cinvertor),             /*tp_basicsize*/
    0,                         /*tp_itemsize*/
    (destructor)Cinvertor_dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
    0,                         /*tp_print*/
    0,                         /*tp_getattr*/
    0,                         /*tp_setattr*/
    0,                         /*tp_compare*/
    0,                         /*tp_repr*/
    0,                         /*tp_as_number*/
    0,                         /*tp_as_sequence*/
    0,                         /*tp_as_mapping*/
    0,                         /*tp_hash */
    0,                         /*tp_call*/
    0,                         /*tp_str*/
    0,                         /*tp_getattro*/
    0,                         /*tp_setattro*/
    0,                         /*tp_as_buffer*/
    Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE, /*tp_flags*/
    "Cinvertor objects",           /* tp_doc */
    0,                         /* tp_traverse */
    0,                         /* tp_clear */
    0,                         /* tp_richcompare */
    0,                         /* tp_weaklistoffset */
    0,                         /* tp_iter */
    0,                         /* tp_iternext */
    Cinvertor_methods,             /* tp_methods */
    Cinvertor_members,             /* tp_members */
    0,                         /* tp_getset */
    0,                         /* tp_base */
    0,                         /* tp_dict */
    0,                         /* tp_descr_get */
    0,                         /* tp_descr_set */
    0,                         /* tp_dictoffset */
    (initproc)Cinvertor_init,      /* tp_init */
    0,                         /* tp_alloc */
    Cinvertor_new,                 /* tp_new */
};


static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
    {NULL}
};

/**
 * Function used to add the model class to a module
 * @param module: module to add the class to
 */
void addCinvertor(PyObject *module) {
        PyObject *d;

    if (PyType_Ready(&CinvertorType) < 0)
        return;

    Py_INCREF(&CinvertorType);
    PyModule_AddObject(module, "Cinvertor", (PyObject *)&CinvertorType);

    d = PyModule_GetDict(module);
    CinvertorError = PyErr_NewException("Cinvertor.error", NULL, NULL);
    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "CinvertorError", CinvertorError);
}


#ifndef PyMODINIT_FUNC  /* declarations for DLL import/export */
#define PyMODINIT_FUNC void
#endif
PyMODINIT_FUNC
initpr_inversion(void)
{
    PyObject* m;

    m = Py_InitModule3("pr_inversion", module_methods,
                       "C extension module for inversion to P(r).");

    addCinvertor(m);
}