1 | r""" |
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2 | |
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3 | This model provides the form factor, $P(q)$, for a micelle with a spherical |
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4 | core and Gaussian polymer chains attached to the surface, thus may be applied |
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5 | to block copolymer micelles. To work well the Gaussian chains must be much |
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6 | smaller than the core, which is often not the case. Please study the |
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7 | reference carefully. |
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8 | |
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9 | Definition |
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10 | ---------- |
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11 | |
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12 | The 1D scattering intensity for this model is calculated according to |
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13 | the equations given by Pedersen (Pedersen, 2000), summarised briefly here. |
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14 | |
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15 | The micelle core is imagined as $N$ = *n_aggreg* polymer heads, each of volume |
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16 | $V_\text{core}$, which then defines a micelle core of radius $r$ = *r_core*, |
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17 | which is a separate parameter even though it could be directly determined. |
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18 | The Gaussian random coil tails, of gyration radius $R_g$, are imagined |
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19 | uniformly distributed around the spherical core, centred at a distance |
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20 | $r + d \cdot R_g$ from the micelle centre, where $d$ = *d_penetration* is |
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21 | of order unity. A volume $V_\text{corona}$ is defined for each coil. The |
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22 | model in detail seems to separately parametrise the terms for the shape |
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23 | of $I(Q)$ and the relative intensity of each term, so use with caution |
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24 | and check parameters for consistency. The spherical core is monodisperse, |
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25 | so it's intensity and the cross terms may have sharp oscillations (use $q$ |
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26 | resolution smearing if needs be to help remove them). |
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27 | |
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28 | .. math:: |
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29 | P(q) &= N^2\beta^2_s\Phi(qr)^2 + N\beta^2_cP_c(q) |
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30 | + 2N^2\beta_s\beta_cS_{sc}(q) + N(N-1)\beta_c^2S_{cc}(q) \\ |
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31 | \beta_s &= V_\text{core}(\rho_\text{core} - \rho_\text{solvent}) \\ |
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32 | \beta_c &= V_\text{corona}(\rho_\text{corona} - \rho_\text{solvent}) |
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33 | |
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34 | where $\rho_\text{core}$, $\rho_\text{corona}$ and $\rho_\text{solvent}$ are |
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35 | the scattering length densities *sld_core*, *sld_corona* and *sld_solvent*. |
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36 | For the spherical core of radius $r$ |
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37 | |
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38 | .. math:: |
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39 | \Phi(qr)= \frac{\sin(qr) - qr\cos(qr)}{(qr)^3} |
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40 | |
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41 | whilst for the Gaussian coils |
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42 | |
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43 | .. math:: |
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44 | |
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45 | P_c(q) &= 2 [\exp(-Z) + Z - 1] / Z^2 \\ |
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46 | Z &= (q R_g)^2 |
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47 | |
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48 | The sphere to coil (core to corona) and coil to coil (corona to corona) cross |
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49 | terms are approximated by: |
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50 | |
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51 | .. math:: |
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52 | |
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53 | S_{sc}(q) &= \Phi(qr)\psi(Z) |
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54 | \frac{\sin(q(r+d \cdot R_g))}{q(r+d \cdot R_g)} \\ |
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55 | S_{cc}(q) &= \psi(Z)^2 |
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56 | \left[\frac{\sin(q(r+d \cdot R_g))}{q(r+d \cdot R_g)} \right]^2 \\ |
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57 | \psi(Z) &= \frac{[1-\exp^{-Z}]}{Z} |
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58 | |
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59 | Validation |
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60 | ---------- |
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61 | |
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62 | $P(q)$ above is multiplied by *ndensity*, and a units conversion of $10^{-13}$, |
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63 | so *scale* is likely 1.0 if the scattering data is in absolute units. This |
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64 | model has not yet been independently validated. |
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65 | |
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66 | |
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67 | References |
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68 | ---------- |
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69 | |
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70 | J Pedersen, *J. Appl. Cryst.*, 33 (2000) 637-640 |
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71 | |
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72 | * **Modified by:** Richard Heenan **Date:** March 20, 2016 |
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73 | * **Verified by:** Paul Kienzle **Date:** November 29, 2017 |
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74 | * **Description modified by:** Paul Kienzle **Date:** November 29, 2017 |
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75 | * **Description reviewed by:** Steve King **Date:** November 30, 2017 |
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76 | """ |
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77 | |
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78 | import numpy as np |
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79 | from numpy import inf, pi |
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80 | |
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81 | name = "polymer_micelle" |
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82 | title = "Polymer micelle model" |
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83 | description = """ |
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84 | This model provides the form factor, $P(q)$, for a micelle with a spherical |
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85 | core and Gaussian polymer chains attached to the surface, thus may be applied |
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86 | to block copolymer micelles. To work well the Gaussian chains must be much |
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87 | smaller than the core, which is often not the case. Please study the |
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88 | reference to Pedersen and full documentation carefully. |
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89 | """ |
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90 | |
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91 | |
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92 | category = "shape:sphere" |
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93 | |
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94 | # pylint: disable=bad-whitespace, line-too-long |
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95 | # ["name", "units", default, [lower, upper], "type","description"], |
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96 | parameters = [ |
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97 | ["ndensity", "1e15/cm^3", 8.94, [0.0, inf], "", "Number density of micelles"], |
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98 | ["v_core", "Ang^3", 62624.0, [0.0, inf], "", "Core volume "], |
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99 | ["v_corona", "Ang^3", 61940.0, [0.0, inf], "", "Corona volume"], |
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100 | ["sld_solvent", "1e-6/Ang^2", 6.4, [0.0, inf], "sld", "Solvent scattering length density"], |
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101 | ["sld_core", "1e-6/Ang^2", 0.34, [0.0, inf], "sld", "Core scattering length density"], |
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102 | ["sld_corona", "1e-6/Ang^2", 0.8, [0.0, inf], "sld", "Corona scattering length density"], |
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103 | ["radius_core", "Ang", 45.0, [0.0, inf], "", "Radius of core ( must be >> rg )"], |
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104 | ["rg", "Ang", 20.0, [0.0, inf], "", "Radius of gyration of chains in corona"], |
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105 | ["d_penetration", "", 1.0, [-inf, inf], "", "Factor to mimic non-penetration of Gaussian chains"], |
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106 | ["n_aggreg", "", 6.0, [-inf, inf], "", "Aggregation number of the micelle"], |
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107 | ] |
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108 | # pylint: enable=bad-whitespace, line-too-long |
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109 | |
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110 | single = False |
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111 | |
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112 | source = ["lib/sas_3j1x_x.c", "polymer_micelle.c"] |
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113 | |
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114 | def random(): |
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115 | radius_core = 10**np.random.uniform(1, 3) |
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116 | rg = radius_core * 10**np.random.uniform(-2, -0.3) |
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117 | d_penetration = np.random.randn()*0.05 + 1 |
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118 | n_aggreg = np.random.randint(3, 30) |
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119 | # volume of head groups is the core volume over the number of groups, |
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120 | # with a correction for packing fraction of the head groups. |
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121 | v_core = 4*pi/3*radius_core**3/n_aggreg * 0.68 |
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122 | # Rg^2 for gaussian coil is a^2n/6 => a^2 = 6 Rg^2/n |
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123 | # a=2r => r = Rg sqrt(3/2n) |
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124 | # v = 4/3 pi r^3 n => v = 4/3 pi Rg^3 (3/2n)^(3/2) n = pi Rg^3 sqrt(6/n) |
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125 | tail_segments = np.random.randint(6, 30) |
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126 | v_corona = pi * rg**3 * np.sqrt(6/tail_segments) |
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127 | V = 4*pi/3*(radius_core + rg)**3 |
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128 | pars = dict( |
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129 | background=0, |
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130 | scale=1e7/V, |
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131 | ndensity=8.94, |
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132 | v_core=v_core, |
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133 | v_corona=v_corona, |
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134 | radius_core=radius_core, |
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135 | rg=rg, |
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136 | d_penetration=d_penetration, |
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137 | n_aggreg=n_aggreg, |
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138 | ) |
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139 | return pars |
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140 | |
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141 | tests = [ |
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142 | [{}, 0.01, 15.3532], |
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143 | ] |
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144 | # RKH 20Mar2016 - need to check whether the core & corona volumes are per |
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145 | # monomer ??? and how aggregation number works! |
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146 | # renamed from micelle_spherical_core to polymer_micelle, |
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147 | # moved from shape-independent to spheres section. |
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148 | # Ought to be able to add polydisp to core? And add ability to x by S(Q) ? |
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