1 | # pylint: disable=line-too-long |
---|
2 | r""" |
---|
3 | Calculates the scattering for a generalized Guinier/power law object. |
---|
4 | This is an empirical model that can be used to determine the size |
---|
5 | and dimensionality of scattering objects, including asymmetric objects |
---|
6 | such as rods or platelets, and shapes intermediate between spheres |
---|
7 | and rods or between rods and platelets. |
---|
8 | |
---|
9 | Definition |
---|
10 | ---------- |
---|
11 | |
---|
12 | The following functional form is used |
---|
13 | |
---|
14 | .. math:: |
---|
15 | I(q) = \frac{G}{Q^s} \ \exp{\left[ \frac{-Q^2R_g^2}{3-s} \right]} \textrm{ for } Q \leq Q_1 |
---|
16 | \\ |
---|
17 | I(q) = D / Q^m \textrm{ for } Q \geq Q_1 |
---|
18 | |
---|
19 | This is based on the generalized Guinier law for such elongated objects |
---|
20 | (see the Glatter reference below). For 3D globular objects (such as spheres), $s = 0$ |
---|
21 | and one recovers the standard Guinier formula. |
---|
22 | For 2D symmetry (such as for rods) $s = 1$, |
---|
23 | and for 1D symmetry (such as for lamellae or platelets) $s = 2$. |
---|
24 | A dimensionality parameter ($3-s$) is thus defined, and is 3 for spherical objects, |
---|
25 | 2 for rods, and 1 for plates. |
---|
26 | |
---|
27 | Enforcing the continuity of the Guinier and Porod functions and their derivatives yields |
---|
28 | |
---|
29 | .. math:: |
---|
30 | Q_1 = \frac{1}{R_g} \sqrt{(m-s)(3-s)/2} |
---|
31 | |
---|
32 | and |
---|
33 | |
---|
34 | .. math:: |
---|
35 | D = G \ \exp{ \left[ \frac{-Q_1^2 R_g^2}{3-s} \right]} \ Q_1^{m-s} |
---|
36 | = \frac{G}{R_g^{m-s}} \ \exp{\left[ -\frac{m-s}{2} \right]} \left( \frac{(m-s)(3-s)}{2} \right)^{\frac{m-s}{2}} |
---|
37 | |
---|
38 | |
---|
39 | Note that the radius-of-gyration for a sphere of radius R is given by $R_g = R \sqrt(3/5)$. |
---|
40 | |
---|
41 | The cross-sectional radius-of-gyration for a randomly oriented cylinder |
---|
42 | of radius R is given by $R_g = R / \sqrt(2)$. |
---|
43 | |
---|
44 | The cross-sectional radius-of-gyration of a randomly oriented lamella |
---|
45 | of thickness $T$ is given by $R_g = T / \sqrt(12)$. |
---|
46 | |
---|
47 | For 2D data: The 2D scattering intensity is calculated in the same way as 1D, |
---|
48 | where the q vector is defined as |
---|
49 | |
---|
50 | .. math:: |
---|
51 | q = \sqrt{q_x^2+q_y^2} |
---|
52 | |
---|
53 | |
---|
54 | Reference |
---|
55 | --------- |
---|
56 | |
---|
57 | A Guinier, G Fournet, Small-Angle Scattering of X-Rays, John Wiley and Sons, New York, (1955) |
---|
58 | |
---|
59 | O Glatter, O Kratky, Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering, Academic Press (1982) |
---|
60 | Check out Chapter 4 on Data Treatment, pages 155-156. |
---|
61 | """ |
---|
62 | |
---|
63 | from numpy import inf, sqrt, power, exp |
---|
64 | |
---|
65 | name = "guinier_porod" |
---|
66 | title = "Guinier-Porod function" |
---|
67 | description = """\ |
---|
68 | I(q) = scale/q^s* exp ( - R_g^2 q^2 / (3-s) ) for q<= ql |
---|
69 | = scale/q^m*exp((-ql^2*Rg^2)/(3-s))*ql^(m-s) for q>=ql |
---|
70 | where ql = sqrt((m-s)(3-s)/2)/Rg. |
---|
71 | List of parameters: |
---|
72 | scale = Guinier Scale |
---|
73 | s = Dimension Variable |
---|
74 | Rg = Radius of Gyration [A] |
---|
75 | m = Porod Exponent |
---|
76 | background = Background [1/cm]""" |
---|
77 | |
---|
78 | category = "shape-independent" |
---|
79 | |
---|
80 | # pylint: disable=bad-whitespace, line-too-long |
---|
81 | # ["name", "units", default, [lower, upper], "type","description"], |
---|
82 | parameters = [["rg", "Ang", 60.0, [0, inf], "", "Radius of gyration"], |
---|
83 | ["s", "", 1.0, [0, inf], "", "Dimension variable"], |
---|
84 | ["m", "", 3.0, [0, inf], "", "Porod exponent"]] |
---|
85 | # pylint: enable=bad-whitespace, line-too-long |
---|
86 | |
---|
87 | # pylint: disable=C0103 |
---|
88 | def Iq(q, rg, s, m): |
---|
89 | """ |
---|
90 | @param q: Input q-value |
---|
91 | """ |
---|
92 | n = 3.0 - s |
---|
93 | |
---|
94 | # Take care of the singular points |
---|
95 | if rg <= 0.0: |
---|
96 | return 0.0 |
---|
97 | if (n-3.0+m) <= 0.0: |
---|
98 | return 0.0 |
---|
99 | |
---|
100 | # Do the calculation and return the function value |
---|
101 | q1 = sqrt((n-3.0+m)*n/2.0)/rg |
---|
102 | if q < q1: |
---|
103 | iq = (1.0/power(q, (3.0-n)))*exp((-q*q*rg*rg)/n) |
---|
104 | else: |
---|
105 | iq = (1.0/power(q, m))*exp(-(n-3.0+m)/2.0)*power(((n-3.0+m)*n/2.0), |
---|
106 | ((n-3.0+m)/2.0))/power(rg, (n-3.0+m)) |
---|
107 | return iq |
---|
108 | |
---|
109 | Iq.vectorized = False # Iq accepts an array of q values |
---|
110 | |
---|
111 | def Iqxy(qx, qy, *args): |
---|
112 | """ |
---|
113 | @param qx: Input q_x-value |
---|
114 | @param qy: Input q_y-value |
---|
115 | @param args: Remaining arguments |
---|
116 | """ |
---|
117 | return Iq(sqrt(qx ** 2 + qy ** 2), *args) |
---|
118 | |
---|
119 | Iqxy.vectorized = False # Iqxy accepts an array of qx, qy values |
---|
120 | |
---|
121 | demo = dict(scale=1.5, background=0.5, rg=60, s=1.0, m=3.0) |
---|
122 | |
---|
123 | oldname = "GuinierPorodModel" |
---|
124 | oldpars = dict(scale='scale', background='background', s='dim', m='m', rg='rg') |
---|
125 | |
---|
126 | tests = [[{'scale': 1.5, 'background':0.5}, 0.04, 5.290096890253155]] |
---|