1 | r""" |
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2 | For information about polarised and magnetic scattering, see |
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3 | the :ref:`magnetism` documentation. |
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4 | |
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5 | Definition |
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6 | ---------- |
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7 | |
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8 | The scattering intensity $I(q)$ is calculated as: |
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9 | |
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10 | .. math:: |
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11 | |
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12 | I(q) = \frac{\text{scale}}{V}(\Delta \rho)^2 A^2(q) S(q) |
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13 | + \text{background} |
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14 | |
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15 | |
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16 | where the amplitude $A(q)$ is given as the typical sphere scattering convoluted |
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17 | with a Gaussian to get a gradual drop-off in the scattering length density: |
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18 | |
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19 | .. math:: |
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20 | |
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21 | A(q) = \frac{3\left[\sin(qR) - qR \cos(qR)\right]}{(qR)^3} |
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22 | \exp\left(\frac{-(\sigma_\text{fuzzy}q)^2}{2}\right) |
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23 | |
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24 | Here $A(q)^2$ is the form factor, $P(q)$. The scale is equivalent to the |
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25 | volume fraction of spheres, each of volume, $V$. Contrast $(\Delta \rho)$ |
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26 | is the difference of scattering length densities of the sphere and the |
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27 | surrounding solvent. |
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28 | |
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29 | Poly-dispersion in radius and in fuzziness is provided for, though the |
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30 | fuzziness must be kept much smaller than the sphere radius for meaningful |
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31 | results. |
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32 | |
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33 | From the reference: |
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34 | |
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35 | The "fuzziness" of the interface is defined by the parameter |
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36 | $\sigma_\text{fuzzy}$. The particle radius $R$ represents the radius of the |
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37 | particle where the scattering length density profile decreased to 1/2 of the |
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38 | core density. $\sigma_\text{fuzzy}$ is the width of the smeared particle |
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39 | surface; i.e., the standard deviation from the average height of the fuzzy |
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40 | interface. The inner regions of the microgel that display a higher density |
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41 | are described by the radial box profile extending to a radius of |
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42 | approximately $R_\text{box} \sim R - 2 \sigma$. The profile approaches |
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43 | zero as $R_\text{sans} \sim R + 2\sigma$. |
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44 | |
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45 | For 2D data: The 2D scattering intensity is calculated in the same way as 1D, |
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46 | where the $q$ vector is defined as |
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47 | |
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48 | .. math:: q = \sqrt{{q_x}^2 + {q_y}^2} |
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49 | |
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50 | References |
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51 | ---------- |
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52 | |
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53 | M Stieger, J. S Pedersen, P Lindner, W Richtering, *Langmuir*, |
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54 | 20 (2004) 7283-7292 |
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55 | """ |
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56 | |
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57 | from numpy import inf |
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58 | |
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59 | name = "fuzzy_sphere" |
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60 | title = "Scattering from spherical particles with a fuzzy surface." |
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61 | description = """\ |
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62 | scale: scale factor times volume fraction, |
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63 | or just volume fraction for absolute scale data |
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64 | radius: radius of the solid sphere |
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65 | fuzziness = the standard deviation of the fuzzy interfacial |
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66 | thickness (ie., so-called interfacial roughness) |
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67 | sld: the SLD of the sphere |
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68 | solvend_sld: the SLD of the solvent |
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69 | background: incoherent background |
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70 | Note: By definition, this function works only when fuzziness << radius. |
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71 | """ |
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72 | category = "shape:sphere" |
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73 | |
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74 | # pylint: disable=bad-whitespace,line-too-long |
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75 | # ["name", "units", default, [lower, upper], "type","description"], |
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76 | parameters = [["sld", "1e-6/Ang^2", 1, [-inf, inf], "sld", "Particle scattering length density"], |
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77 | ["sld_solvent", "1e-6/Ang^2", 3, [-inf, inf], "sld", "Solvent scattering length density"], |
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78 | ["radius", "Ang", 60, [0, inf], "volume", "Sphere radius"], |
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79 | ["fuzziness", "Ang", 10, [0, inf], "", "std deviation of Gaussian convolution for interface (must be << radius)"], |
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80 | ] |
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81 | # pylint: enable=bad-whitespace,line-too-long |
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82 | |
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83 | source = ["lib/sas_3j1x_x.c"] |
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84 | |
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85 | # No volume normalization despite having a volume parameter |
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86 | # This should perhaps be volume normalized? |
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87 | form_volume = """ |
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88 | return M_4PI_3*cube(radius); |
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89 | """ |
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90 | |
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91 | Iq = """ |
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92 | const double qr = q*radius; |
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93 | const double bes = sas_3j1x_x(qr); |
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94 | const double qf = q*fuzziness; |
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95 | const double fq = bes * (sld - sld_solvent) * form_volume(radius) * exp(-0.5*qf*qf); |
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96 | return 1.0e-4*fq*fq; |
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97 | """ |
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98 | |
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99 | def ER(radius): |
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100 | """ |
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101 | Return radius |
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102 | """ |
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103 | return radius |
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104 | |
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105 | # VR defaults to 1.0 |
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106 | |
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107 | def random(): |
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108 | import numpy as np |
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109 | radius = 10**np.random.uniform(1, 4.7) |
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110 | fuzziness = 10**np.random.uniform(-2, -0.5)*radius # 1% to 31% fuzziness |
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111 | pars = dict( |
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112 | radius=radius, |
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113 | fuzziness=fuzziness, |
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114 | ) |
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115 | return pars |
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116 | |
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117 | demo = dict(scale=1, background=0.001, |
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118 | sld=1, sld_solvent=3, |
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119 | radius=60, |
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120 | fuzziness=10, |
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121 | radius_pd=.2, radius_pd_n=45, |
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122 | fuzziness_pd=.2, fuzziness_pd_n=0) |
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123 | |
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124 | tests = [ |
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125 | # Accuracy tests based on content in test/utest_models_new1_3.py |
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126 | #[{'background': 0.001}, 1.0, 0.001], |
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127 | |
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128 | [{}, 0.00301005, 359.2315], |
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129 | |
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130 | ] |
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