1 | r""" |
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2 | Definition |
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3 | ---------- |
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4 | |
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5 | The binary hard sphere model provides the scattering intensity, for binary |
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6 | mixture of hard spheres including hard sphere interaction between those |
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7 | particles, using rhw Percus-Yevick closure. The calculation is an exact |
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8 | multi-component solution that properly accounts for the 3 partial structure |
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9 | factors as follows: |
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10 | |
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11 | .. math:: |
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12 | |
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13 | I(q) = (1-x)f_1^2(q) S_{11}(q) + 2[x(1-x)]^{1/2} f_1(q)f_2(q)S_{12}(q) + |
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14 | x\,f_2^2(q)S_{22}(q) |
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15 | |
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16 | where $S_{ij}$ are the partial structure factors and $f_i$ are the scattering |
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17 | amplitudes of the particles. The subscript 1 is for the smaller particle and 2 |
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18 | is for the larger. The number fraction of the larger particle, |
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19 | ($x = n2/(n1+n2)$, where $n$ = the number density) is internally calculated |
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20 | based on the diameter ratio and the volume fractions. |
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21 | |
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22 | .. math:: |
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23 | :nowrap: |
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24 | |
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25 | \begin{align*} |
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26 | x &= \frac{(\phi_2 / \phi)\alpha^3}{(1-(\phi_2/\phi) + (\phi_2/\phi) |
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27 | \alpha^3)} \\ |
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28 | \phi &= \phi_1 + \phi_2 = \text{total volume fraction} \\ |
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29 | \alpha &= R_1/R_2 = \text{size ratio} |
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30 | \end{align*} |
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31 | |
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32 | The 2D scattering intensity is the same as 1D, regardless of the orientation of |
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33 | the *q* vector which is defined as |
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34 | |
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35 | .. math:: |
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36 | |
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37 | q = \sqrt{q_x^2 + q_y^2} |
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38 | |
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39 | |
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40 | **NOTE 1:** The volume fractions and the scattering contrasts are loosely |
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41 | correlated, so holding as many parameters fixed to known values during fitting |
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42 | will improve the robustness of the fit. |
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43 | |
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44 | **NOTE 2:** Since the calculation uses the Percus-Yevick closure, all of the |
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45 | limitations of that closure relation apply here. Specifically, one should be |
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46 | wary of results for (total) volume fractions greater than approximately 40%. |
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47 | Depending on the size ratios or number fractions, the limit on total volume |
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48 | fraction may be lower. |
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49 | |
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50 | **NOTE 3:** The heavy arithmatic operations also mean that at present the |
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51 | function is poorly behaved at very low qr. In some cases very large qr may |
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52 | also be poorly behaved. These should however be outside any useful region of |
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53 | qr. |
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54 | |
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55 | The code for this model is based originally on a c-library implementation by the |
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56 | NIST Center for Neutron Research (Kline, 2006). |
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57 | |
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58 | See the references for details. |
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59 | |
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60 | References |
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61 | ---------- |
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62 | |
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63 | .. [#] N W Ashcroft and D C Langreth, *Physical Review*, 156 (1967) 685-692 |
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64 | [Errata found in *Phys. Rev.* 166 (1968) 934] |
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65 | .. [#] S R Kline, *J Appl. Cryst.*, 39 (2006) 895 |
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66 | |
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67 | Authorship and Verification |
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68 | ---------------------------- |
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69 | |
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70 | * **Author:** NIST IGOR/DANSE **Date:** pre 2010 |
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71 | * **Last Modified by:** Paul Butler **Date:** March 20, 2016 |
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72 | * **Last Reviewed by:** Paul Butler **Date:** March 20, 2016 |
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73 | """ |
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74 | |
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75 | import numpy as np |
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76 | from numpy import inf |
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77 | |
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78 | category = "shape:sphere" |
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79 | single = False # double precision only! |
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80 | |
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81 | name = "binary_hard_sphere" |
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82 | title = "binary mixture of hard spheres with hard sphere interactions." |
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83 | description = """Describes the scattering from a mixture of two distinct |
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84 | monodisperse, hard sphere particles. |
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85 | [Parameters]; |
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86 | radius_lg: large radius of binary hard sphere, |
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87 | radius_sm: small radius of binary hard sphere, |
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88 | volfraction_lg: volume fraction of large spheres, |
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89 | volfraction_sm: volume fraction of small spheres, |
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90 | sld_lg: large sphere scattering length density, |
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91 | sld_sm: small sphere scattering length density, |
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92 | sld_solvent: solvent scattering length density. |
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93 | """ |
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94 | # ["name", "units", default, [lower, upper], "type", "description"], |
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95 | parameters = [["radius_lg", "Ang", 100, [0, inf], "", |
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96 | "radius of large particle"], |
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97 | ["radius_sm", "Ang", 25, [0, inf], "", |
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98 | "radius of small particle"], |
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99 | ["volfraction_lg", "", 0.1, [0, 1], "", |
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100 | "volume fraction of large particle"], |
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101 | ["volfraction_sm", "", 0.2, [0, 1], "", |
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102 | "volume fraction of small particle"], |
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103 | ["sld_lg", "1e-6/Ang^2", 3.5, [-inf, inf], "sld", |
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104 | "scattering length density of large particle"], |
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105 | ["sld_sm", "1e-6/Ang^2", 0.5, [-inf, inf], "sld", |
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106 | "scattering length density of small particle"], |
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107 | ["sld_solvent", "1e-6/Ang^2", 6.36, [-inf, inf], "sld", |
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108 | "Solvent scattering length density"], |
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109 | ] |
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110 | |
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111 | source = ["lib/sas_3j1x_x.c", "binary_hard_sphere.c"] |
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112 | |
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113 | def random(): |
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114 | # TODO: binary_hard_sphere fails at low qr |
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115 | radius_lg = 10**np.random.uniform(2, 4.7) |
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116 | radius_sm = 10**np.random.uniform(2, 4.7) |
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117 | volfraction_lg = 10**np.random.uniform(-3, -0.3) |
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118 | volfraction_sm = 10**np.random.uniform(-3, -0.3) |
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119 | # TODO: Get slightly different results if large and small are swapped |
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120 | # modify the model so it doesn't care which is which |
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121 | if radius_lg < radius_sm: |
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122 | radius_lg, radius_sm = radius_sm, radius_lg |
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123 | volfraction_lg, volfraction_sm = volfraction_sm, volfraction_lg |
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124 | pars = dict( |
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125 | radius_lg=radius_lg, |
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126 | radius_sm=radius_sm, |
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127 | volfraction_lg=volfraction_lg, |
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128 | volfraction_sm=volfraction_sm, |
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129 | ) |
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130 | return pars |
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131 | |
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132 | # parameters for demo and documentation |
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133 | demo = dict(sld_lg=3.5, sld_sm=0.5, sld_solvent=6.36, |
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134 | radius_lg=100, radius_sm=20, |
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135 | volfraction_lg=0.1, volfraction_sm=0.2) |
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136 | |
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137 | # NOTE: test results taken from values returned by SasView 3.1.2 |
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138 | tests = [[{}, 0.001, 25.8927262013]] |
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