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Polydispersity Distributions

With some models SasView can calculate the average form factor for a population of particles that exhibit size and/or orientational polydispersity. The resultant form factor is normalized by the average particle volume such that

P(q) = scaleF*FrangleV + background

where $F$ is the scattering amplitude and $langlecdotrangle$ denotes an average over the size distribution.

Users should note that this computation is very intensive. Applying polydispersion to multiple parameters at the same time, or increasing the number of Npts values in the fit, will require patience! However, the calculations are generally more robust with more data points or more angles.

SasView uses the term PD for a size distribution (and not to be confused with a molecular weight distributions in polymer science) and the term Sigma for an angular distribution.

The following five distribution functions are provided:

  • Rectangular Distribution
  • Gaussian Distribution
  • Lognormal Distribution
  • Schulz Distribution
  • Array Distribution

These are all implemented in SasView as number-average distributions.

Rectangular Distribution

The Rectangular Distribution is defined as

pd_image001.png

where $x_{mean}$ is the mean of the distribution, $w$ is the half-width, and $Norm$ is a normalization factor which is determined during the numerical calculation.

Note that the standard deviation and the half width $w$ are different!

The standard deviation is

pd_image002.png

whilst the polydispersity is

pd_image003.png pd_image004.jpg

Gaussian Distribution

The Gaussian Distribution is defined as

pd_image005.png

where $x_{mean}$ is the mean of the distribution and $Norm$ is a normalization factor which is determined during the numerical calculation.

The polydispersity is

pd_image003.png pd_image006.jpg

Lognormal Distribution

The Lognormal Distribution is defined as

pd_image007.png

where $mu=ln(x_{med})$, $x_{med}$ is the median value of the distribution, and $Norm$ is a normalization factor which will be determined during the numerical calculation.

The median value for the distribution will be the value given for the respective size parameter in the FitPage, for example, radius = 60.

The polydispersity is given by $sigma$

pd_image008.png

For the angular distribution

pd_image009.png

The mean value is given by $x_{mean} =exp(mu + p^2 /2)$. The peak value is given by $x_{peak} =exp(mu-p^2)$.

pd_image010.jpg

This distribution function spreads more, and the peak shifts to the left, as $p$ increases, requiring higher values of Nsigmas and Npts.

Schulz Distribution

The Schulz distribution is defined as

pd_image011.png

where $x_{mean}$ is the mean of the distribution and $Norm$ is a normalization factor which is determined during the numerical calculation, and $z$ is a measure of the width of the distribution such that

z = (1 − p2) ⁄ p2

The polydispersity is

pd_image012.png

Note that larger values of PD might need larger values of Npts and Nsigmas. For example, at PD=0.7 and radius=60 |Ang|, Npts>=160 and Nsigmas>=15 at least.

pd_image013.jpg

For further information on the Schulz distribution see: M Kotlarchyk & S-H Chen, J Chem Phys, (1983), 79, 2461.

Array Distribution

This user-definable distribution should be given as as a simple ASCII text file where the array is defined by two columns of numbers: $x$ and $f(x)$. The $f(x)$ will be normalized by SasView during the computation.

Example of what an array distribution file should look like:

30 0.1
32 0.3
35 0.4
36 0.5
37 0.6
39 0.7
41 0.9

SasView only uses these array values during the computation, therefore any mean value of the parameter represented by $x$ present in the FitPage will be ignored.

Note about DLS polydispersity

Many commercial Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) instruments produce a size polydispersity parameter, sometimes even given the symbol $p$! This parameter is defined as the relative standard deviation coefficient of variation of the size distribution and is NOT the same as the polydispersity parameters in the Lognormal and Schulz distributions above (though they all related) except when the DLS polydispersity parameter is <0.13.

For more information see: S King, C Washington & R Heenan, Phys Chem Chem Phys, (2005), 7, 143

Note

This help document was last changed by Steve King, 01May2015

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