1 | r""" |
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2 | Special Functions |
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3 | ................. |
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4 | |
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5 | This following standard C99 math functions are available: |
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6 | |
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7 | M_PI, M_PI_2, M_PI_4, M_SQRT1_2, M_E: |
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8 | $\pi$, $\pi/2$, $\pi/4$, $1/\sqrt{2}$ and Euler's constant $e$ |
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9 | |
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10 | exp, log, pow(x,y), expm1, log1p, sqrt, cbrt: |
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11 | Power functions $e^x$, $\ln x$, $x^y$, $e^x - 1$, $\ln 1 + x$, |
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12 | $\sqrt{x}$, $\sqrt[3]{x}$. The functions expm1(x) and log1p(x) |
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13 | are accurate across all $x$, including $x$ very close to zero. |
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14 | |
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15 | sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan: |
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16 | Trigonometry functions and inverses, operating on radians. |
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17 | |
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18 | sinh, cosh, tanh, asinh, acosh, atanh: |
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19 | Hyperbolic trigonometry functions. |
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20 | |
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21 | atan2(y,x): |
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22 | Angle from the $x$\ -axis to the point $(x,y)$, which is equal to |
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23 | $\tan^{-1}(y/x)$ corrected for quadrant. That is, if $x$ and $y$ are |
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24 | both negative, then atan2(y,x) returns a value in quadrant III where |
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25 | atan(y/x) would return a value in quadrant I. Similarly for |
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26 | quadrants II and IV when $x$ and $y$ have opposite sign. |
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27 | |
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28 | fabs(x), fmin(x,y), fmax(x,y), trunc, rint: |
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29 | Floating point functions. rint(x) returns the nearest integer. |
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30 | |
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31 | NAN: |
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32 | NaN, Not a Number, $0/0$. Use isnan(x) to test for NaN. Note that |
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33 | you cannot use :code:`x == NAN` to test for NaN values since that |
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34 | will always return false. NAN does not equal NAN! The alternative, |
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35 | :code:`x != x` may fail if the compiler optimizes the test away. |
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36 | |
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37 | INFINITY: |
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38 | $\infty, 1/0$. Use isinf(x) to test for infinity, or isfinite(x) |
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39 | to test for finite and not NaN. |
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40 | |
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41 | erf, erfc, tgamma, lgamma: **do not use** |
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42 | Special functions that should be part of the standard, but are missing |
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43 | or inaccurate on some platforms. Use sas_erf, sas_erfc and sas_gamma |
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44 | instead (see below). Note: lgamma(x) has not yet been tested. |
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45 | |
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46 | Some non-standard constants and functions are also provided: |
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47 | |
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48 | M_PI_180, M_4PI_3: |
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49 | $\frac{\pi}{180}$, $\frac{4\pi}{3}$ |
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50 | |
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51 | SINCOS(x, s, c): |
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52 | Macro which sets s=sin(x) and c=cos(x). The variables *c* and *s* |
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53 | must be declared first. |
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54 | |
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55 | square(x): |
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56 | $x^2$ |
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57 | |
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58 | cube(x): |
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59 | $x^3$ |
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60 | |
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61 | sas_sinx_x(x): |
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62 | $\sin(x)/x$, with limit $\sin(0)/0 = 1$. |
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63 | |
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64 | powr(x, y): |
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65 | $x^y$ for $x \ge 0$; this is faster than general $x^y$ on some GPUs. |
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66 | |
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67 | pown(x, n): |
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68 | $x^n$ for $n$ integer; this is faster than general $x^n$ on some GPUs. |
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69 | |
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70 | FLOAT_SIZE: |
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71 | The number of bytes in a floating point value. Even though all |
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72 | variables are declared double, they may be converted to single |
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73 | precision float before running. If your algorithm depends on |
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74 | precision (which is not uncommon for numerical algorithms), use |
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75 | the following:: |
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76 | |
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77 | #if FLOAT_SIZE>4 |
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78 | ... code for double precision ... |
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79 | #else |
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80 | ... code for single precision ... |
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81 | #endif |
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82 | |
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83 | SAS_DOUBLE: |
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84 | A replacement for :code:`double` so that the declared variable will |
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85 | stay double precision; this should generally not be used since some |
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86 | graphics cards do not support double precision. There is no provision |
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87 | for forcing a constant to stay double precision. |
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88 | |
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89 | The following special functions and scattering calculations are defined. |
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90 | These functions have been tuned to be fast and numerically stable down |
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91 | to $q=0$ even in single precision. In some cases they work around bugs |
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92 | which appear on some platforms but not others, so use them where needed. |
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93 | Add the files listed in :code:`source = ["lib/file.c", ...]` to your *model.py* |
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94 | file in the order given, otherwise these functions will not be available. |
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95 | |
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96 | polevl(x, c, n): |
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97 | Polynomial evaluation $p(x) = \sum_{i=0}^n c_i x^i$ using Horner's |
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98 | method so it is faster and more accurate. |
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99 | |
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100 | $c = \{c_n, c_{n-1}, \ldots, c_0 \}$ is the table of coefficients, |
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101 | sorted from highest to lowest. |
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102 | |
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103 | p1evl(x, c, n): |
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104 | Evaluate normalized polynomial $p(x) = x^n + \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} c_i x^i$ |
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105 | using Horner's method so it is faster and more accurate. |
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106 | |
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107 | $c = \{c_{n-1}, c_{n-2} \ldots, c_0 \}$ is the table of coefficients, |
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108 | sorted from highest to lowest. |
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109 | |
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110 | sas_gamma(x): |
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111 | Gamma function $\text{sas_gamma}(x) = \Gamma(x)$. |
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112 | |
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113 | The standard math function, tgamma(x) is unstable for $x < 1$ |
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114 | on some platforms. |
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115 | |
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116 | sas_erf(x), sas_erfc(x): |
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117 | Error function |
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118 | $\text{sas_erf}(x) = \frac{2}{\sqrt\pi}\int_0^x e^{-t^2}\,dt$ |
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119 | and complementary error function |
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120 | $\text{sas_erfc}(x) = \frac{2}{\sqrt\pi}\int_x^{\infty} e^{-t^2}\,dt$. |
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121 | |
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122 | The standard math functions erf(x) and erfc(x) are slower and broken |
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123 | on some platforms. |
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124 | |
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125 | sas_J0(x): |
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126 | Bessel function of the first kind $\text{sas_J0}(x)=J_0(x)$ where |
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127 | $J_0(x) = \frac{1}{\pi}\int_0^\pi \cos(x\sin(\tau))\,d\tau$. |
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128 | |
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129 | The standard math function j0(x) is not available on all platforms. |
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130 | |
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131 | sas_J1(x): |
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132 | Bessel function of the first kind $\text{sas_J1}(x)=J_1(x)$ where |
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133 | $J_1(x) = \frac{1}{\pi}\int_0^\pi \cos(\tau - x\sin(\tau))\,d\tau$. |
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134 | |
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135 | The standard math function j1(x) is not available on all platforms. |
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136 | |
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137 | sas_JN(n, x): |
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138 | Bessel function of the first kind and integer order $n$: |
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139 | $\text{sas_JN}(n, x)=J_n(x)$ where |
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140 | $J_n(x) = \frac{1}{\pi}\int_0^\pi \cos(n\tau - x\sin(\tau))\,d\tau$. |
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141 | If $n$ = 0 or 1, it uses sas_J0(x) or sas_J1(x), respectively. |
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142 | |
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143 | The standard math function jn(n, x) is not available on all platforms. |
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144 | |
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145 | sas_Si(x): |
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146 | Sine integral $\text{Si}(x) = \int_0^x \tfrac{\sin t}{t}\,dt$. |
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147 | |
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148 | This function uses Taylor series for small and large arguments: |
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149 | |
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150 | For large arguments, |
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151 | |
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152 | .. math:: |
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153 | |
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154 | \text{Si}(x) \sim \frac{\pi}{2} |
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155 | - \frac{\cos(x)}{x} |
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156 | \left(1 - \frac{2!}{x^2} + \frac{4!}{x^4} - \frac{6!}{x^6} \right) |
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157 | - \frac{\sin(x)}{x} |
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158 | \left(\frac{1}{x} - \frac{3!}{x^3} + \frac{5!}{x^5} - \frac{7!}{x^7}\right) |
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159 | |
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160 | For small arguments, |
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161 | |
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162 | .. math:: |
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163 | |
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164 | \text{Si}(x) \sim x |
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165 | - \frac{x^3}{3\times 3!} + \frac{x^5}{5 \times 5!} - \frac{x^7}{7 \times 7!} |
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166 | + \frac{x^9}{9\times 9!} - \frac{x^{11}}{11\times 11!} |
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167 | |
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168 | sas_3j1x_x(x): |
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169 | Spherical Bessel form |
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170 | $\text{sph_j1c}(x) = 3 j_1(x)/x = 3 (\sin(x) - x \cos(x))/x^3$, |
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171 | with a limiting value of 1 at $x=0$, where $j_1(x)$ is the spherical |
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172 | Bessel function of the first kind and first order. |
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173 | |
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174 | This function uses a Taylor series for small $x$ for numerical accuracy. |
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175 | |
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176 | |
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177 | sas_2J1x_x(x): |
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178 | Bessel form $\text{sas_J1c}(x) = 2 J_1(x)/x$, with a limiting value |
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179 | of 1 at $x=0$, where $J_1(x)$ is the Bessel function of first kind |
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180 | and first order. |
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181 | |
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182 | |
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183 | gauss76.n, gauss76.z[i], gauss76.w[i]: |
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184 | Points $z_i$ and weights $w_i$ for 76-point Gaussian quadrature, respectively, |
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185 | computing $\int_{-1}^1 f(z)\,dz \approx \sum_{i=1}^{76} w_i\,f(z_i)$. |
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186 | When translating the model to C, include 'lib/gauss76.c' in the source |
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187 | and use :code:`GAUSS_N`, :code:`GAUSS_Z`, and :code:`GAUSS_W`. |
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188 | |
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189 | Similar arrays are available in :code:`gauss20` for 20-point quadrature |
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190 | and :code:`gauss150.c` for 150-point quadrature. By using |
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191 | :code:`import gauss76 as gauss` it is easy to change the number of |
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192 | points in the integration. |
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193 | """ |
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194 | # pylint: disable=unused-import |
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195 | |
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196 | import numpy as np |
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197 | |
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198 | # Functions to add to our standard set |
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199 | from numpy import degrees, radians |
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200 | |
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201 | # C99 standard math library functions |
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202 | from numpy import exp, log, power as pow, expm1, logp1, sqrt, cbrt |
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203 | from numpy import sin, cos, tan, arcsin as asin, arccos as acos, arctan as atan |
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204 | from numpy import sinh, cosh, tanh, arcsinh as asinh, arccosh as acosh, arctanh as atanh |
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205 | from numpy import arctan2 as atan2 |
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206 | from numpy import fabs, fmin, fmax, trunc, rint |
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207 | from numpy import pi, nan, inf |
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208 | from scipy.special import gamma as sas_gamma |
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209 | from scipy.special import erf as sas_erf |
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210 | from scipy.special import erfc as sas_erfc |
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211 | from scipy.special import j0 as sas_J0 |
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212 | from scipy.special import j1 as sas_J1 |
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213 | from scipy.special import jn as sas_JN |
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214 | |
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215 | # erf, erfc, tgamma, lgamma **do not use** |
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216 | |
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217 | # C99 standard math constants |
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218 | M_PI, M_PI_2, M_PI_4, M_SQRT1_2, M_E = np.pi, np.pi/2, np.pi/4, np.sqrt(0.5), np.e |
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219 | NAN = nan |
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220 | INFINITY = inf |
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221 | |
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222 | # non-standard constants |
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223 | M_PI_180, M_4PI_3 = M_PI/180, 4*M_PI/3 |
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224 | |
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225 | # can't do SINCOS in python; use "s, c = SINCOS(x)" instead |
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226 | def SINCOS(x): |
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227 | """return sin(x), cos(x)""" |
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228 | return sin(x), cos(x) |
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229 | sincos = SINCOS |
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230 | |
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231 | def square(x): |
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232 | """return x^2""" |
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233 | return x*x |
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234 | |
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235 | def cube(x): |
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236 | """return x^3""" |
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237 | return x*x*x |
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238 | |
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239 | def sas_sinx_x(x): |
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240 | """return sin(x)/x""" |
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241 | from numpy import sinc as _sinc |
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242 | return _sinc(x/M_PI) |
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243 | |
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244 | def powr(x, y): |
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245 | """return x^y for x>0""" |
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246 | return x**y |
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247 | def pown(x, n): |
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248 | """return x^n for n integer""" |
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249 | return x**n |
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250 | |
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251 | FLOAT_SIZE = 8 |
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252 | |
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253 | def polevl(x, c, n): |
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254 | """return p(x) for polynomial p of degree n-1 with coefficients c""" |
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255 | return np.polyval(c[:n], x) |
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256 | |
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257 | def p1evl(x, c, n): |
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258 | """return x^n + p(x) for polynomial p of degree n-1 with coefficients c""" |
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259 | return np.polyval(np.hstack(([1.], c))[:n], x) |
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260 | |
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261 | def sas_Si(x): |
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262 | """return Si(x)""" |
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263 | from scipy.special import sici |
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264 | return sici(x)[0] |
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265 | |
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266 | def sas_j1(x): |
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267 | """return j1(x)""" |
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268 | if np.isscalar(x): |
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269 | retvalue = (sin(x) - x*cos(x))/x**2 if x != 0. else 0. |
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270 | else: |
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271 | with np.errstate(all='ignore'): |
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272 | retvalue = (sin(x) - x*cos(x))/x**2 |
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273 | retvalue[x == 0.] = 0. |
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274 | return retvalue |
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275 | |
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276 | def sas_3j1x_x(x): |
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277 | """return 3*j1(x)/x""" |
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278 | if np.isscalar(x): |
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279 | retvalue = 3*(sin(x) - x*cos(x))/x**3 if x != 0. else 1. |
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280 | else: |
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281 | with np.errstate(all='ignore'): |
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282 | retvalue = 3*(sin(x) - x*cos(x))/x**3 |
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283 | retvalue[x == 0.] = 1. |
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284 | return retvalue |
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285 | |
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286 | def sas_2J1x_x(x): |
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287 | """return 2*J1(x)/x""" |
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288 | if np.isscalar(x): |
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289 | retvalue = 2*sas_J1(x)/x if x != 0 else 1. |
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290 | else: |
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291 | with np.errstate(all='ignore'): |
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292 | retvalue = 2*sas_J1(x)/x |
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293 | retvalue[x == 0] = 1. |
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294 | return retvalue |
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295 | |
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296 | |
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297 | # Gaussians |
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298 | class Gauss: |
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299 | def __init__(self, w, z): |
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300 | self.n = len(w) |
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301 | self.w = w |
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302 | self.z = z |
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303 | |
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304 | gauss20 = Gauss( |
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305 | w=np.array([ |
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306 | .0176140071391521, |
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307 | .0406014298003869, |
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308 | .0626720483341091, |
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309 | .0832767415767047, |
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310 | .10193011981724, |
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311 | .118194531961518, |
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312 | .131688638449177, |
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313 | .142096109318382, |
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314 | .149172986472604, |
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315 | .152753387130726, |
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316 | .152753387130726, |
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317 | .149172986472604, |
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318 | .142096109318382, |
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319 | .131688638449177, |
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320 | .118194531961518, |
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321 | .10193011981724, |
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322 | .0832767415767047, |
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323 | .0626720483341091, |
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324 | .0406014298003869, |
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325 | .0176140071391521 |
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326 | ]), |
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327 | z=np.array([ |
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328 | -.993128599185095, |
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329 | -.963971927277914, |
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330 | -.912234428251326, |
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331 | -.839116971822219, |
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332 | -.746331906460151, |
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333 | -.636053680726515, |
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334 | -.510867001950827, |
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335 | -.37370608871542, |
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336 | -.227785851141645, |
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337 | -.076526521133497, |
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338 | .0765265211334973, |
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339 | .227785851141645, |
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340 | .37370608871542, |
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341 | .510867001950827, |
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342 | .636053680726515, |
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343 | .746331906460151, |
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344 | .839116971822219, |
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345 | .912234428251326, |
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346 | .963971927277914, |
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347 | .993128599185095 |
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348 | ]) |
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349 | ) |
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350 | |
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351 | gauss76 = Gauss( |
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352 | w=np.array([ |
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353 | .00126779163408536, #0 |
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354 | .00294910295364247, |
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355 | .00462793522803742, |
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356 | .00629918049732845, |
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357 | .00795984747723973, |
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358 | .00960710541471375, |
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359 | .0112381685696677, |
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360 | .0128502838475101, |
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361 | .0144407317482767, |
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362 | .0160068299122486, |
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363 | .0175459372914742, #10 |
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364 | .0190554584671906, |
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365 | .020532847967908, |
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366 | .0219756145344162, |
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367 | .0233813253070112, |
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368 | .0247476099206597, |
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369 | .026072164497986, |
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370 | .0273527555318275, |
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371 | .028587223650054, |
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372 | .029773487255905, |
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373 | .0309095460374916, #20 |
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374 | .0319934843404216, |
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375 | .0330234743977917, |
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376 | .0339977794120564, |
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377 | .0349147564835508, |
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378 | .0357728593807139, |
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379 | .0365706411473296, |
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380 | .0373067565423816, |
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381 | .0379799643084053, |
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382 | .0385891292645067, |
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383 | .0391332242205184, #30 |
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384 | .0396113317090621, |
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385 | .0400226455325968, |
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386 | .040366472122844, |
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387 | .0406422317102947, |
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388 | .0408494593018285, |
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389 | .040987805464794, |
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390 | .0410570369162294, |
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391 | .0410570369162294, |
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392 | .040987805464794, |
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393 | .0408494593018285, #40 |
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394 | .0406422317102947, |
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395 | .040366472122844, |
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396 | .0400226455325968, |
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397 | .0396113317090621, |
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398 | .0391332242205184, |
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399 | .0385891292645067, |
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400 | .0379799643084053, |
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401 | .0373067565423816, |
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402 | .0365706411473296, |
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403 | .0357728593807139, #50 |
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404 | .0349147564835508, |
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405 | .0339977794120564, |
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406 | .0330234743977917, |
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407 | .0319934843404216, |
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408 | .0309095460374916, |
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409 | .029773487255905, |
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410 | .028587223650054, |
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411 | .0273527555318275, |
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412 | .026072164497986, |
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413 | .0247476099206597, #60 |
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414 | .0233813253070112, |
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415 | .0219756145344162, |
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416 | .020532847967908, |
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417 | .0190554584671906, |
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418 | .0175459372914742, |
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419 | .0160068299122486, |
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420 | .0144407317482767, |
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421 | .0128502838475101, |
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422 | .0112381685696677, |
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423 | .00960710541471375, #70 |
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424 | .00795984747723973, |
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425 | .00629918049732845, |
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426 | .00462793522803742, |
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427 | .00294910295364247, |
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428 | .00126779163408536 #75 (indexed from 0) |
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429 | ]), |
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430 | z=np.array([ |
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431 | -.999505948362153, #0 |
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432 | -.997397786355355, |
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433 | -.993608772723527, |
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434 | -.988144453359837, |
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435 | -.981013938975656, |
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436 | -.972229228520377, |
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437 | -.961805126758768, |
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438 | -.949759207710896, |
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439 | -.936111781934811, |
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440 | -.92088586125215, |
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441 | -.904107119545567, #10 |
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442 | -.885803849292083, |
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443 | -.866006913771982, |
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444 | -.844749694983342, |
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445 | -.822068037328975, |
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446 | -.7980001871612, |
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447 | -.77258672828181, |
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448 | -.74587051350361, |
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449 | -.717896592387704, |
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450 | -.688712135277641, |
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451 | -.658366353758143, #20 |
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452 | -.626910417672267, |
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453 | -.594397368836793, |
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454 | -.560882031601237, |
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455 | -.526420920401243, |
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456 | -.491072144462194, |
---|
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---|
815 | ) |
---|