[deb7ee0] | 1 | # rectangular_prism model |
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| 2 | # Note: model title and parameter table are inserted automatically |
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| 3 | r""" |
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| 4 | Definition |
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| 5 | ---------- |
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| 6 | |
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[455aaa1] | 7 | This model provides the form factor, $P(q)$, for a hollow rectangular |
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| 8 | parallelepiped with a wall of thickness $\Delta$. The 1D scattering intensity |
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| 9 | for this model is calculated by forming the difference of the amplitudes of two |
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| 10 | massive parallelepipeds differing in their outermost dimensions in each |
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| 11 | direction by the same length increment $2\Delta$ (\ [#Nayuk2012]_ Nayuk, 2012). |
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[deb7ee0] | 12 | |
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| 13 | As in the case of the massive parallelepiped model (:ref:`rectangular-prism`), |
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| 14 | the scattering amplitude is computed for a particular orientation of the |
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| 15 | parallelepiped with respect to the scattering vector and then averaged over all |
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| 16 | possible orientations, giving |
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| 17 | |
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| 18 | .. math:: |
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| 19 | P(q) = \frac{1}{V^2} \frac{2}{\pi} \times \, \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \, |
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| 20 | \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} A_{P\Delta}^2(q) \, \sin\theta \, d\theta \, d\phi |
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| 21 | |
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[117090a] | 22 | where $\theta$ is the angle between the $z$ axis and the longest axis |
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| 23 | of the parallelepiped, $\phi$ is the angle between the scattering vector |
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| 24 | (lying in the $xy$ plane) and the $y$ axis, and |
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[deb7ee0] | 25 | |
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| 26 | .. math:: |
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[5111921] | 27 | :nowrap: |
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| 28 | |
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[30b60d2] | 29 | \begin{align*} |
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[deb7ee0] | 30 | A_{P\Delta}(q) & = A B C |
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| 31 | \left[\frac{\sin \bigl( q \frac{C}{2} \cos\theta \bigr)} |
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| 32 | {\left( q \frac{C}{2} \cos\theta \right)} \right] |
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| 33 | \left[\frac{\sin \bigl( q \frac{A}{2} \sin\theta \sin\phi \bigr)} |
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| 34 | {\left( q \frac{A}{2} \sin\theta \sin\phi \right)}\right] |
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| 35 | \left[\frac{\sin \bigl( q \frac{B}{2} \sin\theta \cos\phi \bigr)} |
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| 36 | {\left( q \frac{B}{2} \sin\theta \cos\phi \right)}\right] \\ |
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| 37 | & - 8 |
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| 38 | \left(\frac{A}{2}-\Delta\right) \left(\frac{B}{2}-\Delta\right) \left(\frac{C}{2}-\Delta\right) |
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| 39 | \left[ \frac{\sin \bigl[ q \bigl(\frac{C}{2}-\Delta\bigr) \cos\theta \bigr]} |
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| 40 | {q \bigl(\frac{C}{2}-\Delta\bigr) \cos\theta} \right] |
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| 41 | \left[ \frac{\sin \bigl[ q \bigl(\frac{A}{2}-\Delta\bigr) \sin\theta \sin\phi \bigr]} |
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| 42 | {q \bigl(\frac{A}{2}-\Delta\bigr) \sin\theta \sin\phi} \right] |
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| 43 | \left[ \frac{\sin \bigl[ q \bigl(\frac{B}{2}-\Delta\bigr) \sin\theta \cos\phi \bigr]} |
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| 44 | {q \bigl(\frac{B}{2}-\Delta\bigr) \sin\theta \cos\phi} \right] |
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[30b60d2] | 45 | \end{align*} |
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[deb7ee0] | 46 | |
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[117090a] | 47 | where $A$, $B$ and $C$ are the external sides of the parallelepiped fulfilling |
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| 48 | $A \le B \le C$, and the volume $V$ of the parallelepiped is |
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[deb7ee0] | 49 | |
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| 50 | .. math:: |
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| 51 | V = A B C \, - \, (A - 2\Delta) (B - 2\Delta) (C - 2\Delta) |
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| 52 | |
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| 53 | The 1D scattering intensity is then calculated as |
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| 54 | |
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| 55 | .. math:: |
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[ab2aea8] | 56 | I(q) = \text{scale} \times V \times (\rho_\text{p} - |
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| 57 | \rho_\text{solvent})^2 \times P(q) + \text{background} |
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[deb7ee0] | 58 | |
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[455aaa1] | 59 | where $\rho_\text{p}$ is the scattering length density of the parallelepiped, |
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| 60 | $\rho_\text{solvent}$ is the scattering length density of the solvent, |
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[deb7ee0] | 61 | and (if the data are in absolute units) *scale* represents the volume fraction |
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[455aaa1] | 62 | (which is unitless) of the rectangular shell of material (i.e. not including |
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| 63 | the volume of the solvent filled core). |
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[deb7ee0] | 64 | |
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[393facf] | 65 | For 2d data the orientation of the particle is required, described using |
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| 66 | angles $\theta$, $\phi$ and $\Psi$ as in the diagrams below, for further details |
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| 67 | of the calculation and angular dispersions see :ref:`orientation` . |
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| 68 | The angle $\Psi$ is the rotational angle around the long *C* axis. For example, |
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| 69 | $\Psi = 0$ when the *B* axis is parallel to the *x*-axis of the detector. |
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| 70 | |
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| 71 | For 2d, constraints must be applied during fitting to ensure that the inequality |
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[455aaa1] | 72 | $A < B < C$ is not violated, and hence the correct definition of angles is |
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| 73 | preserved. The calculation will not report an error if the inequality is *not* |
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| 74 | preserved, but the results may be not correct. |
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[393facf] | 75 | |
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| 76 | .. figure:: img/parallelepiped_angle_definition.png |
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| 77 | |
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| 78 | Definition of the angles for oriented hollow rectangular prism. |
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| 79 | Note that rotation $\theta$, initially in the $xz$ plane, is carried out first, then |
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| 80 | rotation $\phi$ about the $z$ axis, finally rotation $\Psi$ is now around the axis of the prism. |
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| 81 | The neutron or X-ray beam is along the $z$ axis. |
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| 82 | |
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| 83 | .. figure:: img/parallelepiped_angle_projection.png |
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| 84 | |
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| 85 | Examples of the angles for oriented hollow rectangular prisms against the |
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| 86 | detector plane. |
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[deb7ee0] | 87 | |
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| 88 | |
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| 89 | Validation |
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| 90 | ---------- |
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| 91 | |
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| 92 | Validation of the code was conducted by qualitatively comparing the output |
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| 93 | of the 1D model to the curves shown in (Nayuk, 2012). |
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| 94 | |
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[aa2edb2] | 95 | |
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| 96 | References |
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| 97 | ---------- |
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[deb7ee0] | 98 | |
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[455aaa1] | 99 | .. [#Nayuk2012] R Nayuk and K Huber, *Z. Phys. Chem.*, 226 (2012) 837-854 |
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[b297ba9] | 100 | L. Onsager, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 51, 627-659 (1949). |
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[455aaa1] | 101 | |
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| 102 | |
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| 103 | Authorship and Verification |
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| 104 | ---------------------------- |
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| 105 | |
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| 106 | * **Author:** Miguel Gonzales **Date:** February 26, 2016 |
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| 107 | * **Last Modified by:** Paul Kienzle **Date:** December 14, 2017 |
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| 108 | * **Last Reviewed by:** Paul Butler **Date:** September 06, 2018 |
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[deb7ee0] | 109 | """ |
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| 110 | |
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[2d81cfe] | 111 | import numpy as np |
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[b297ba9] | 112 | from numpy import inf |
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[deb7ee0] | 113 | |
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| 114 | name = "hollow_rectangular_prism" |
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| 115 | title = "Hollow rectangular parallelepiped with uniform scattering length density." |
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| 116 | description = """ |
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[3d8283b] | 117 | I(q)= scale*V*(sld - sld_solvent)^2*P(q,theta,phi)+background |
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[deb7ee0] | 118 | P(q,theta,phi) = (2/pi/V^2) * double integral from 0 to pi/2 of ... |
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| 119 | (AP1-AP2)^2(q)*sin(theta)*dtheta*dphi |
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| 120 | AP1 = S(q*C*cos(theta)/2) * S(q*A*sin(theta)*sin(phi)/2) * S(q*B*sin(theta)*cos(phi)/2) |
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| 121 | AP2 = S(q*C'*cos(theta)) * S(q*A'*sin(theta)*sin(phi)) * S(q*B'*sin(theta)*cos(phi)) |
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| 122 | C' = (C/2-thickness) |
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| 123 | B' = (B/2-thickness) |
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| 124 | A' = (A/2-thickness) |
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| 125 | S(x) = sin(x)/x |
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| 126 | """ |
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| 127 | category = "shape:parallelepiped" |
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| 128 | |
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| 129 | # ["name", "units", default, [lower, upper], "type","description"], |
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[42356c8] | 130 | parameters = [["sld", "1e-6/Ang^2", 6.3, [-inf, inf], "sld", |
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[deb7ee0] | 131 | "Parallelepiped scattering length density"], |
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[42356c8] | 132 | ["sld_solvent", "1e-6/Ang^2", 1, [-inf, inf], "sld", |
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[deb7ee0] | 133 | "Solvent scattering length density"], |
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[a807206] | 134 | ["length_a", "Ang", 35, [0, inf], "volume", |
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[a94046f] | 135 | "Shortest, external, size of the parallelepiped"], |
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[deb7ee0] | 136 | ["b2a_ratio", "Ang", 1, [0, inf], "volume", |
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| 137 | "Ratio sides b/a"], |
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| 138 | ["c2a_ratio", "Ang", 1, [0, inf], "volume", |
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| 139 | "Ratio sides c/a"], |
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| 140 | ["thickness", "Ang", 1, [0, inf], "volume", |
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| 141 | "Thickness of parallelepiped"], |
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[8de1477] | 142 | ["theta", "degrees", 0, [-360, 360], "orientation", |
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| 143 | "c axis to beam angle"], |
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| 144 | ["phi", "degrees", 0, [-360, 360], "orientation", |
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| 145 | "rotation about beam"], |
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| 146 | ["psi", "degrees", 0, [-360, 360], "orientation", |
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| 147 | "rotation about c axis"], |
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[deb7ee0] | 148 | ] |
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| 149 | |
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[40a87fa] | 150 | source = ["lib/gauss76.c", "hollow_rectangular_prism.c"] |
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[71b751d] | 151 | have_Fq = True |
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[ee60aa7] | 152 | effective_radius_type = [ |
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[b297ba9] | 153 | "equivalent cylinder excluded volume", "equivalent outer volume sphere", |
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[99658f6] | 154 | "half length_a", "half length_b", "half length_c", |
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[ee60aa7] | 155 | "equivalent outer circular cross-section", |
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| 156 | "half ab diagonal", "half diagonal", |
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| 157 | ] |
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[deb7ee0] | 158 | |
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[31df0c9] | 159 | def random(): |
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[b297ba9] | 160 | """Return a random parameter set for the model.""" |
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[31df0c9] | 161 | a, b, c = 10**np.random.uniform(1, 4.7, size=3) |
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[8f04da4] | 162 | # Thickness is limited to 1/2 the smallest dimension |
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| 163 | # Use a distribution with a preference for thin shell or thin core |
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| 164 | # Avoid core,shell radii < 1 |
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| 165 | min_dim = 0.5*min(a, b, c) |
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| 166 | thickness = np.random.beta(0.5, 0.5)*(min_dim-2) + 1 |
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| 167 | #print(a, b, c, thickness, thickness/min_dim) |
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[31df0c9] | 168 | pars = dict( |
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| 169 | length_a=a, |
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| 170 | b2a_ratio=b/a, |
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| 171 | c2a_ratio=c/a, |
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| 172 | thickness=thickness, |
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| 173 | ) |
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| 174 | return pars |
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| 175 | |
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| 176 | |
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[deb7ee0] | 177 | # parameters for demo |
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| 178 | demo = dict(scale=1, background=0, |
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[ab2aea8] | 179 | sld=6.3, sld_solvent=1.0, |
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[a807206] | 180 | length_a=35, b2a_ratio=1, c2a_ratio=1, thickness=1, |
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| 181 | length_a_pd=0.1, length_a_pd_n=10, |
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[deb7ee0] | 182 | b2a_ratio_pd=0.1, b2a_ratio_pd_n=1, |
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| 183 | c2a_ratio_pd=0.1, c2a_ratio_pd_n=1) |
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| 184 | |
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[6dd90c1] | 185 | tests = [[{}, 0.2, 0.76687283098], |
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| 186 | [{}, [0.2], [0.76687283098]], |
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[deb7ee0] | 187 | ] |
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