source: sasmodels/sasmodels/models/binary_hard_sphere.py @ 99658f6

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1r"""
2Definition
3----------
4
5The binary hard sphere model provides the scattering intensity, for binary
6mixture of hard spheres including hard sphere interaction between those
7particles, using rhw Percus-Yevick closure. The calculation is an exact
8multi-component solution that properly accounts for the 3 partial structure
9factors as follows:
10
11.. math::
12
13    I(q) = (1-x)f_1^2(q) S_{11}(q) + 2[x(1-x)]^{1/2} f_1(q)f_2(q)S_{12}(q) +
14    x\,f_2^2(q)S_{22}(q)
15
16where $S_{ij}$ are the partial structure factors and $f_i$ are the scattering
17amplitudes of the particles. The subscript 1 is for the smaller particle and 2
18is for the larger. The number fraction of the larger particle,
19($x = n2/(n1+n2)$, where $n$ = the number density) is internally calculated
20based on the diameter ratio and the volume fractions.
21
22.. math::
23    :nowrap:
24
25    \begin{align*}
26    x &= \frac{(\phi_2 / \phi)\alpha^3}{(1-(\phi_2/\phi) + (\phi_2/\phi)
27    \alpha^3)} \\
28    \phi &= \phi_1 + \phi_2 = \text{total volume fraction} \\
29    \alpha &= R_1/R_2 = \text{size ratio}
30    \end{align*}
31
32The 2D scattering intensity is the same as 1D, regardless of the orientation of
33the *q* vector which is defined as
34
35.. math::
36
37    q = \sqrt{q_x^2 + q_y^2}
38
39
40**NOTE 1:** The volume fractions and the scattering contrasts are loosely
41correlated, so holding as many parameters fixed to known values during fitting
42will improve the robustness of the fit.
43
44**NOTE 2:** Since the calculation uses the Percus-Yevick closure, all of the
45limitations of that closure relation apply here. Specifically, one should be
46wary of results for (total) volume fractions greater than approximately 40%.
47Depending on the size ratios or number fractions, the limit on total volume
48fraction may be lower.
49
50**NOTE 3:** The heavy arithmatic operations also mean that at present the
51function is poorly behaved at very low qr.  In some cases very large qr may
52also be poorly behaved.  These should however be outside any useful region of
53qr.
54
55The code for this model is based originally on a c-library implementation by the
56NIST Center for Neutron Research (Kline, 2006).
57
58See the references for details.
59
60References
61----------
62
63.. [#] N W Ashcroft and D C Langreth, *Physical Review*, 156 (1967) 685-692
64   [Errata found in *Phys. Rev.* 166 (1968) 934]
65.. [#] S R Kline, *J Appl. Cryst.*, 39 (2006) 895
66
67Authorship and Verification
68----------------------------
69
70* **Author:** NIST IGOR/DANSE **Date:** pre 2010
71* **Last Modified by:** Paul Butler **Date:** March 20, 2016
72* **Last Reviewed by:** Paul Butler **Date:** March 20, 2016
73"""
74
75import numpy as np
76from numpy import inf
77
78category = "shape:sphere"
79single = False  # double precision only!
80
81name = "binary_hard_sphere"
82title = "binary mixture of hard spheres with hard sphere interactions."
83description = """Describes the scattering from a mixture of two distinct
84monodisperse, hard sphere particles.
85        [Parameters];
86        radius_lg: large radius of binary hard sphere,
87        radius_sm: small radius of binary hard sphere,
88        volfraction_lg: volume fraction of large spheres,
89        volfraction_sm: volume fraction of small spheres,
90        sld_lg: large sphere  scattering length density,
91        sld_sm: small sphere scattering length density,
92        sld_solvent: solvent scattering length density.
93"""
94#             ["name", "units", default, [lower, upper], "type", "description"],
95parameters = [["radius_lg", "Ang", 100, [0, inf], "",
96               "radius of large particle"],
97              ["radius_sm", "Ang", 25, [0, inf], "",
98               "radius of small particle"],
99              ["volfraction_lg", "", 0.1, [0, 1], "",
100               "volume fraction of large particle"],
101              ["volfraction_sm", "", 0.2, [0, 1], "",
102               "volume fraction of small particle"],
103              ["sld_lg", "1e-6/Ang^2", 3.5, [-inf, inf], "sld",
104               "scattering length density of large particle"],
105              ["sld_sm", "1e-6/Ang^2", 0.5, [-inf, inf], "sld",
106               "scattering length density of small particle"],
107              ["sld_solvent", "1e-6/Ang^2", 6.36, [-inf, inf], "sld",
108               "Solvent scattering length density"],
109             ]
110
111source = ["lib/sas_3j1x_x.c", "binary_hard_sphere.c"]
112
113def random():
114    # TODO: binary_hard_sphere fails at low qr
115    radius_lg = 10**np.random.uniform(2, 4.7)
116    radius_sm = 10**np.random.uniform(2, 4.7)
117    volfraction_lg = 10**np.random.uniform(-3, -0.3)
118    volfraction_sm = 10**np.random.uniform(-3, -0.3)
119    # TODO: Get slightly different results if large and small are swapped
120    # modify the model so it doesn't care which is which
121    if radius_lg < radius_sm:
122        radius_lg, radius_sm = radius_sm, radius_lg
123        volfraction_lg, volfraction_sm = volfraction_sm, volfraction_lg
124    pars = dict(
125        radius_lg=radius_lg,
126        radius_sm=radius_sm,
127        volfraction_lg=volfraction_lg,
128        volfraction_sm=volfraction_sm,
129    )
130    return pars
131
132# parameters for demo and documentation
133demo = dict(sld_lg=3.5, sld_sm=0.5, sld_solvent=6.36,
134            radius_lg=100, radius_sm=20,
135            volfraction_lg=0.1, volfraction_sm=0.2)
136
137# NOTE: test results taken from values returned by SasView 3.1.2
138tests = [[{}, 0.001, 25.8927262013]]
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